Teach Computer

Science

Output devices

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 2

Lesson Objectives

Students will learn about:

▪ Output devices and its working in detail.
▪ Applications of output devices

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 1.
Content

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 4

Output devices

 Output devices help transfer processed data to users.

 The output data can be images, videos, sound and
machining code.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 5

Inkjet printers

Printed document/
Images

There are two types of scanner: 2D scanners and 3D scanners.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 6

Inkjet printers

Part Function

Consists of nozzles that spray drops of ink on

Print head
to the paper to form different characters.
Each cartridge consists of a group for each
Ink
colour (blue, yellow and magenta) and a
cartridges
black cartridge.
Stepper Moves the print head assembly across the
motor and page side to side
belt
Automatically feeds the printer with pages
Paper feed
as required.
teachcomputerscience.co
m
 7

Technologies to produce
ink droplets
Thermal bubble: Piezoelectric:
Tiny resistors produce A crystal at the back of the
localised heat that vaporises ink reservoir is given an
the ink. electric charge and vibration
The bubble of ink is ejected is created.
from the paper head onto the This vibration forces the ink
paper. to be ejected onto the paper.
When the bubble of ink
collapses, a vacuum is
created to draw fresh ink
teachcomputerscience.co
from the print head. m
 8

Printing process
The sensor
checks the paper
feed tray. The Once a line is
Data is sent to the printer head completed, the
printer driver. Printer moves from side paper moves
driver checks the to side and the slightly to print
format and ink of four a new line. The
availability of the colours are previous process
printer. sprayed in is repeated until
Data->buffer correct the buffer is
proportion to get empty.
the desired
colour.
Once the buffer is empty, the printer sends an interrupt to the processor and
requests more data. The whole process continues until the document is
teachcomputerscience.co
printed. m
 9

Laser printers

 A laser printer uses dry powder ink rather than liquid ink as in
inkjet printers.
 Uses static electricity to print.
 Prints the whole page in one go.
 Carries large print jobs at a good speed and does not run out of
ink halfway.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 10

Laser printers

Printed document/
Images

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 11

3D printers
 3D printers are widely used in computer-aided design to produce
solid objects of various materials, such as powdered resin, paper,
ceramic powder, etc.

3D Objects

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 12

3D printer

The The 3D The The final

final printer is 3D object is
A design is
drawing step-up object prepared
made using
is according is after
computer-
importe to the built processi
aided design
d to a features layer ng the
software.
3D of the 3D by 3D
printer. object. layer. object.

In 3D printers, the objects are built layer by layer. Each layer is only 0.1 mm thick.
teachcomputerscience.co
m
 13

2D and 3D cutters
 Laser cutters can cut through materials such as glass, crystal,
metal, polymers and wood.

Components

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 14

2D and 3D cutters

 Very complex and intricate designs can be cut through the

materials using sophisticated software.
 The coordinates are used to recognise the object.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 15

Loudspeakers/Headphones

Sound

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 16

Loudspeaker/Headphones

Digital data stored in

the computer is The sound wave Sound
converted to analogue is passed emerges out
data that can vibrate through the of a
a cone in a speaker. amplifier loudspeaker
(DAC)

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 17
Digital to analogue
converter

 The DAC converts digital data to analogue data at a rate called

sampling rate.
 The sampling rate for a 16-bit DAC is 44100 samples per
second. This means that the DAC can convert 44100 values in
the range +32767 to -32768 every second.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 18

LCD and LED monitors

Image/
Video

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 19

LCD and LED monitors

▪ Liquid Crystal Diode/Display (LCD) monitors have replaced
Cathode-ray monitors.
▪ LCD monitors consist of tiny diodes grouped in threes or fours for
a pixel. The three basic diode colours are red, green and blue.
▪ An extra yellow diode is included to make colours more vivid.
▪ Early LCD monitors used cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL)
for backlighting.
▪ Modern LCDs use groups of LEDs for backlighting.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 20

LCD and LED monitors

The advantages of LEDs over CCFL technology are:
• LEDs reach maximum brightness almost immediately.
• LED gives a whiter light that sharpens the image and makes the
colour more vivid.
• Monitors using LEDs are thinner compared to CCFLs.
• LEDs have a long lifetime, lasting almost indefinitely.
• LEDs consume very little power.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 21

LCD and LED monitors

 Futuristic LED technology uses organic compounds to create
semiconductors that are flexible. This technology is called
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). No backlighting is
required in these types of LEDs as they can produce their
own light. Hence, the screens are much thinner.
 LED and LCD screens are widely used in hand-held devices
such as mobile phones, tablets, game consoles, etc. These
screens are thin, light-weight and very responsive to touch.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 22

Light Projectors

Image/
Video

Projectors are used to project the output of computers onto a

large screen or even an interactive whiteboard.
teachcomputerscience.co
m
 23

Types of light projectors

Digital light projector: LCD Projectors
A digital light projector consists of LCD projects are older
millions of micro-mirrors. technologies compared to DLP.
When a micro-mirror is tilted A high-intensity light beam
towards the light source, it is ON. passes through an LCD display
When it is tilted away, it is OFF. and then falls on a screen.
Millions of micro-mirrors combine
to create dark and bright pixels on
the screen.
These mirrors can switch several
thousand times a second to
produce 1024 different grey teachcomputerscience.co
m
shades.
 24

Coloured images in DLP

▪ Coloured images are projected by using a passing white light

through a colour filter on its way to a DLP chip.
▪ The white light is split into different primary colours and over 16
million different colours can be produced.
▪ The state of each micro-mirror is linked to the colour filter to
determine the pixels of the coloured image.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 25

Steps in LCD projectors

Light falls Each Images

on a set of Images
coloured are then
chromatic- pass
A powerful component of combine
coated through
white light is light is d using a
mirrors, the
generated passed special
which projector
using a bulb reflect the
through an prism to
lens and
or LED from light at LCD screen produce
then
the projector. different that projects a full-
onto the
wavelength the image in colour
screen.
s. greyscale. image.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 2.
Activities

teachcomputerscience.co
m
Activity-1 (Internet 27

Research)
Duration: 15 minutes

1. How are various colours printed using laser printers?

2. Cakes are printed with images these days. Use the internet to find
out how these images are printed. Write about the ink that is used,
the technology used for printing images, etc.

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 28

Activity-2 (Internet Research)

Duration: 20 minutes

1. Find out what type of display does TV, computer and laptop have in
your home. You may use the model numbers to search the internet.
2. Use the internet to find information about OLED technology. What
are the advantages of OLED technology when compared to LED and
LCD technology?

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 3.
End of topic questions

teachcomputerscience.co
m
 30

End of topic questions

1. What are the different technologies used by inkjet printers to spray
ink?
2. What are the different stages of the printing process in inkjet
printers?
3. How is the working of laser printers different from an inkjet printer?
4. What are cutters used for in industries?
5. How does a digital light projector create black and white pixels on
the screen?
6. How is a coloured image produced by a digital light projector?
teachcomputerscience.co
m