Lecture # 1

Engine Types and Their Operation

Internal Combustion Engines

(ME474)

Dr. Ali Turab Jafry

2025 Spring Semester

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 1
About me
About me
 Course Instructor and Assistants
 Instructor: Dr. Ali Turab Jafry
Associate Professor at FME
Research: Biofuels and Microfluidics Lab
Office: G-06 FME Faculty Lobby, GIK Institute
Phone Ext: 2528
Email: [email protected]
Office hours: 03:00 PM ~ 05:00 PM

 Research Interests:
Clinical, chemical and environmental diagnostic platforms using Paper-based
Microfluidics, Digital microfluidics, Electrohydrodynamic jet printing, Surface
treatments, Biocatalytic materials, Biofuels, Engine Performance and Testing

 Teaching Assistant:
 Samar Abbas (Sec A) - [email protected]

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 Dr. Ali Turab Jafry – Schedule Spring 2025
ME474 ME626 Meetings
(Office/Conf Room)

FYPs 1 10:30 – 12:30

Monday FYPs 2 16:00 – 16:30
Erasmus+ 15:00 – 15:30
Tuesday 16:30 – 17:20 LH1 FYPs 3 16:00 – 16:30
FYPs 4 17:30 – 18:00
MTME2025 15:00 – 15:30
Wednesday 11:30 – 12:20 LH3 FYPs 5 15:30 – 16:00
Batch Advisor 12:20 – 13:20
15:45 – 17:00
Thursday 14:30 – 15:20 LH3
FME Conf Room
TDF 10:00 – 10:30
17:00 – 18:45 BML Lab 11:00 – 12:30
Friday FME Conf Room Flow Time 15:00 – 16:00

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 Course Material
Textbook:
 Heywood, J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw-
Hill, New York, 1988
Reference Books
 Stone, R. Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines, 3rd Edition,
Macmillan Press LTD, 1999.

 Ferguson, C.R., Kirpatrick, A.T. Internal Combustion Engines - Applied

Thermosciences, 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York, 2001

Lecture Handouts
 PPT slides

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 Course Contents
1. Engine Type and their Operation: Engine operating cycles; SI engine
operation; CI engine operation.
2. Engine Design and Operating Parameters: Geometrical properties of
reciprocating engines; brake torque and power; indicated work; mechanical
efficiency; mean effective pressure; specific fuel consumption and efficiency;
volumetric efficiency; specific emissions; relationship between performance
parameters; engine design and performance data.
3. Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air Mixtures: characterization of flames;
combustion stoichiometry; the First Law of thermodynamic and combustion;
the Second Law of thermodynamic applied to combustion; chemically reacting
gas mixtures; chemical equilibrium; chemical reaction rate.
4. Ideal Models of Engine Cycles: ideal models and thermodynamic relation
for engine processes; cycle analysis with ideal gas working fluid with constant
specific heats cp and cv; constant-volume, constant pressure and limited
pressure cycles; fuel-air cycle analysis; comparison with real engine cycles.
5. Gas Exchange Processes: Inlet and exhaust processes in the four-stroke
cycle; volumetric efficiency; flow through valves; scavenging in two-stroke
cycle engines; supercharging and turbocharging.
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 Course Contents
6. SI Engine Fuel Metering and Manifold Phenomena: SI engines mixture
requirements; carburetor fundamentals; fuel-injection systems.
7. Combustion in SI Engines: Thermodynamic analysis of SI engines
combustion, analysis of cylinder pressure data, combustion process
characterization; abnormal combustion.
8. Combustion in CI Engines: Types of Diesel combustion systems; direct-
injection combustion system; analysis of cylinder pressure data.
9. Pollutant Formation and Control: nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide,
unburned hydrocarbon and particulate emissions; exhaust gas treatment.
10. Engine Heat Transfer: modes of heat transfer; heat transfer and engine
energy balance; correlation for heat transfer; thermal loading and component
temperatures, effect of engine variables.

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 Course Contents
11. Engine Friction and Lubrication: friction fundamentals; lubricated
friction, turbulent dissipation, total friction; measurement methods; lubricating
system.
12. Modeling Real Engine Flow and Combustion processes: classification
of models; governing equation for open thermodynamic system;
thermodynamic-based in-cylinder models.
13. Engine Operating Characteristics: engine operating parameters;
indicated and brake power and mean effective pressure; operating variables
that effect SI and CI engine performance, efficiency and emissions; engine
performance summary.

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 Grading Policy
 Assignment Sessions: 10%
 Quizzes: 10%
 Project: 10%
 Mid Exam: 30%
 Final Exam: 40%

 6 Quizzes, 6 Assignments,1 Course Project, 1 Mid term and 1 Final

term exam will contribute towards the award of Letter grade at the end
of course.

 The minimum absolute cut off passing marks is set at 35% for all FME
undergraduate course. Marks above this will be based on Avg – 1.5
Std Dev.

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Course Learning Outcomes and Assessments
Mapping of CLOs and PLOs
Sr. No Course Learning Outcomes PLOs Blooms Taxonomy
Be able to understand how the fundamental sciences of
CLO_1 thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer impact on the PLO1 C 2 (understanding)
operation, performance and design of internal-combustion engines.
Be able to apply the knowledge of fundamentals of IC engines to
CLO_2 evaluate and improve engine performance, efficiency and PLO1 C 3 (applying)
emissions
Be able to analyze engine operating characteristics in order to
CLO_3 predict the changes in operating variables required for better PLO2 C 4 (analyzing)
engine efficiency and emissions
Course is evaluated at a level of C4 (analyzing)
CLO Assessment Mechanism
Assessment tools CLO_1 CLO_2 CLO_3
Quizzes 30% 20% 20%
Assignments 5% 20% 20%
Midterm Exam 25% 25% 25%
Final Exam 45% 45% 45%

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 Attendance Policy
 After 5 minutes of start of lecture, no attendance will be marked.

 Institute leave policy will be followed.

 Attend all the classes and Make Sure To Comply With the
Attendance Policy (80% minimum_9 Absents allowed out of 45
lectures) reserved for emergencies and illness. No Relaxation
Will Be Granted in this regard.

 Attendance Proxy caught by the Course TA will be punished by

FME policy of Rs.5000.

 Attendance record once uploaded cannot be changed. It is sole

responsibility of the student to check his attendance record
regularly and contact the Course Instructor incase of any error
within a week.

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 Course and classroom Regulations
 For queries, kindly follow the office hours (given in course outline) in
order to avoid any inconvenience.

 Make-Up Of Assignment/quiz, Sessions Will Not Be Entertained.

Make Sure To Attend It As Scheduled informed through official email.

 Section change requests will not be accepted after first week. Sort out
any clashes within the first week classes.

 You can take lecture notes during class. The ppt slides will be
uploaded on the GIKI Shared network (\\10.1.17.20)

 Cheating during examinations or assignments and miss behavior with

TAs will be handled strictly as per institute policy.

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