Scribd
Upload
15 views21 pages

Physics Sound PPT-1

The document explains the nature of sound waves, including their properties, types, and how they are produced and travel through different media. It covers key concepts such as wavelength, frequency, amplitude, pitch, and loudness, as well as the phenomenon of wave interference. Sound waves are characterized as longitudinal waves that require a medium to propagate and can be affected by vibrations.

Uploaded by

askprachiagarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views21 pages

Physics Sound PPT-1

The document explains the nature of sound waves, including their properties, types, and how they are produced and travel through different media. It covers key concepts such as wavelength, frequency, amplitude, pitch, and loudness, as well as the phenomenon of wave interference. Sound waves are characterized as longitudinal waves that require a medium to propagate and can be affected by vibrations.

Uploaded by

askprachiagarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Sound

Loudness and
Pitch
• Motion of slinky spring is one of the example to
show transfer of energy.
• Energy is transferred from one end to other end
of the spring through the vibration (up and down
Thismotion)
transfer of particles.
of energy in the form of disturbance,
from one location to another location, is called a Not Matter,
wave. only energy
is
transferred
in a wave.
Based on
Types of waves direction of
vibration of
particles
Transverse waves Longitudinal
waves
If the particles are If the particles are
vibrating vibrating parallel to the
perpendicular to the direction of wave, it is
direction of wave, it is a longitudinal wave.
a transverse wave. Eg: sound waves
Eg : Water wave, light
Describing wave
Highest point in a wave - Lowest point in a wave -
Crest Trough

Crest

A C I
E G

B D F H
Trough
The state of motion of a Q: Which are the other
particle is called as its Phase particles which are in phase?
When two particles are in Particles B, G,L are IN phase,
same phase we say they are because they are at highest
IN Phase points
When two particles are in Ans: A, F &K are in phase
opposite phase we say they E & J are in phase
C & H are in Phase
B are Out of Phase G LD & I are in phase

C H

A D I K
F Which of the particles are out of
phase?
Ans: B, G, L are out of phase with
E J E&J
A, F & K are out of phase with D &
1.Wavelength λ (lambda)
Distance between two crests OR Distance between two
troughs
OR
Distance between two consecutive particles which are
in phase
G
UnitB: metre
λ L

C λ H

A D I K
F

E λ J
2. Frequency (f) –
The number of waves generated in one second
or the number waves passing one point in one
second Which of these
two points are
The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz) receiving more
number of waves
in 1s?
A
Point B receives more number
of waves than point A. Hence,
wave 2 has higher frequency
B than wave 1.
3. Time period (T)–
The time taken to complete one wave is its
time period
The unit is second (s)
Note : The time taken by the wave to travel a
distance of λ is its time period
4.Amplitude (a) : - The maximum displacement
of the particles of a medium from their mean
positions, when a sound wave passes through
it, is called amplitude of the wave.
It is the distance of crest or trough from the
middle.
Unit : metre (m)
How sound waves are produced and how do they
▪ travel?
When a loudspeaker cone or a
tuning fork vibrates, it moves
forward and backward very
fast.
▪This squashes and stretches
the air in front.
▪As a result, a series of
compressions and rarefactions
travels through the air.
These are sound waves.
▪When they reach your ear,
they make your ear drums
vibrate and you hear a sound.
⮚ The region of the wave where particles are closest is a
compression.
⮚ The region of the wave where particles are farthest from
each other is a rarefaction.
⮚ Sound energy advances in the form of continuous
Diagrammatic representation of compressions and
rarefactions

Rarefactio Direction of propagation


Compressi
n on

Since, the particles vibrate parallel to the


direction of propagation of wave, sound is a
longitudinal wave.
THE NATURE OF SOUND WAVES

• SOUND WAVES ARE CAUSED BY VIBRATIONS.


• SOUND WAVES ARE LONGITUDINAL WAVES.
• SOUND WAVES NEED A MATERIAL TO TRAVEL
THROUGH.
• THIS MATERIAL IS CALLED A MEDIUM.
• SOUND CANNOT PASS THROUGH A VACUUM.
• SOUND WAVES CAN TRAVEL THROUGH
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES.
Properties of sound
⮚ Any unpleasant sound is a ‘noise’.
⮚ Noise is caused by irregular vibrations
such as motor engines
⮚ Regular vibrations give rise to ‘musical
notes’
⮚ Musical notes are differentiated by three
properties
1.Pitch
2.Loudness
1. Pitch
⮚ The pitch of a note depends on
the frequency of the sound wave
reaching the ear, i.e. on the
frequency of the source of
sound.
⮚ A high-pitched note has a high
frequency and a short
wavelength.
⮚ A piano keyboard covers a wide
range of frequencies ranging
from 30 Hz – 3500 Hz
⮚ A violin ranges from 200 Hz –
2500 Hz
⮚ A sound of desired frequency is
produced in lab using a tuning
fork.
2. Loudness
⮚ A note becomes louder when more
sound
energy enters our ears per second
than
before.
⮚ This will happen when the source is
vibrating with a larger amplitude.
⮚ If a violin string is bowed more
strongly, its amplitude of vibration
increases as does that of the
resulting sound wave and the note
heard is louder because more
energy has been used to produce it.
INTERFERENCE OF
SOUND
 Interference of waves

When two or more waves interact with each other, they produce an effect known as Interference. Interference can only happen when the
waves are of same type.
 Waves that Reinforce :

When the peak of one wave meets peak of another wave and trough of one
wave meets trough of another wave simultaneously, waves are said to reinforce.

 When sound waves interfere


to reinforce, amplitude of
resultant sound wave
increases, whereas the
frequency of two waves does
not change.
 Waves that cancel each other :
When the peak of one wave meets with the trough of another
wave, sound waves interfere to cancel, amplitude of the resultant
sound wave becomes 0.

You might also like