Unit 4

Teaching methods of ICT in Schools

Content
4.1. Definitions of Teaching and Teaching Method
4.2. Methods of Teaching ICT
4.3. Differentiated teaching methods
4.4. Managing Computing Class room
4.5. Challenges of Applying Teaching Methods in ICT
4.1. Definitions of Teaching and Teaching Method

• Teaching:- is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting

skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student,
or any other audience in the context of an educational institution.
• Teaching is a process where systematic methods are used to transmit
knowledge into someone.
• The occupation, profession, or work of a teacher.
• impart (tell) knowledge to or teach someone as how to do something.
• Teaching is the process of attending to people’s needs, experiences and
feelings, and intervening so that they learn particular things, and go beyond
the given.
• Cause of someone to learn or understand something by example or
experience.
• "The process by which one person helps others to achieve knowledge, skills
and aptitudes."
Teaching Method
• A teaching method is a set of strategies and principles that help students
learn. Teaching methods are chosen based on the subject matter, the
students' knowledge level, and the learning environment.
• Teaching methods help students to master the content of a course and learn
how to apply it in different contexts
• Teaching methods include: Project-based learning, Social emotional
(demonstrative) learning, Collaborative learning, Problem-based learning,
and Personalized learning and also can be:-
Inquiry-based learning
• Students research and form theories by answering open-ended questions or
completing projects. This method helps students develop critical thinking
and problem-solving skills.
Con…
Flipped classroom
• Students study new material at home and practice it in class. This
method can allow students to work at their own speed.
Student-centered learning
• Students are encouraged to explore, inquire, and collaborate to
construct knowledge. This method can foster critical thinking and
problem-solving.
Experiential learning
• Students actively participate in hands-on experiences to learn
concepts. This method can improve remembering rates and increase
engagement.
 4.2. Methods of Teaching ICT

• Effective methods of teaching ICT integrate technology tools like online

platforms, multimedia presentations, and simulations, combined with
pedagogical approaches like project-based learning and inquiry-based
learning to enhance student engagement and knowledge
retention(holding).
Different teaching methods:
ICT-Enhanced Pedagogy include:-
•Project-Based Learning:
Students learn ICT skills by working on real-world projects, fostering
(encourage) creativity and problem-solving.
Con..
•Inquiry-Based Learning:
Students explore ICT tools and concepts through questioning, investigation, and
experimentation, encouraging critical thinking and discovery.
•Gamification:
Incorporating game mechanics and elements into learning activities using ICT tools
to make learning fun and engaging.
•Experiential Learning:
Students engage in hands-on activities using ICT tools to develop practical skills
and knowledge.
•Case-based Learning:
Students analyze real-world scenarios and problems using ICT tools, promoting
critical thinking and decision-making.
•Online Learning Platforms :
Use platforms like Google Classroom or Moodle to deliver content, manage
assignments, and facilitate communication.
Leveraging ICT Tools:
•Presentation Software:
Utilize tools like PowerPoint or Prezi to create engaging and interactive presentations.
•Word Processors:
Teach students to use word processors for writing, editing, and formatting documents.
•Internet Research:
Integrate internet browsing and searching to help students find information and develop
research skills.
•Simulations:
Use software simulations or model to help students understand complex concepts and processes
•Multimedia:
Use videos, images, and other multimedia resources to enhance learning experiences.
•Digital Storytelling:
Allow students to create and share digital stories using ICT tools to promote creativity and
communication skills.
•Social Media:
Use social media platforms (with appropriate guidance and supervision) for collaborative
learning and sharing ideas.
4.3. Differentiated teaching methods

• Differentiated teaching involves adapting(familiarize) instruction to meet diverse

student needs by varying content, process, and products, and can include flexible
grouping, varied instructional strategies, and ongoing assessment.
Key Principles of Differentiated Teaching:
•Recognize Individual Differences:
Differentiated instruction recognizes that students learn in different ways and at different
paces, so teachers need to satisfy to these differences
•Flexibility and Creativity:
Teachers need to be open to adapting their instruction and accepting flexibility to best
serve student needs.
•Focus on Student Growth:
The goal is to help all students make progress toward their learning goals, not to just have
everyone reach a prescribed level.
. Specific Differentiated Instruction Strategies:
•Grouping:
•Flexible Grouping: Students are grouped based on needs or learning styles, and
groupings can change based on evolving needs.
•Learning Stations: Create multiple learning stations where students can engage with
the same content in different ways.
•Tiered Assignments: Offer different levels of complexity for the same learning objective,
allowing students to work at their own level.
Instructional Strategies:
•Varied Instructional Strategies: Use a variety of methods, such as direct instruction, collaborative
learning, and inquiry-based learning.
•Student Choice: Give students choices in how they learn and what they create to increase
engagement and ownership of learning.
•Project-Based Learning: Engage students in projects that allow them to explore topics in depth
and demonstrate their learning in a meaningful way.
•Collaborative Learning: Use group work to allow students to learn from each other and develop
communication and problem-solving skills.
 Con…
Ongoing Assessment:
•Formative Assessment: Use ongoing assessment to gather information about student
understanding and adjust instruction accordingly.
•Student Self-Assessment: Encourage students to reflect on their own learning and identify
areas where they need further support.

Content, Process, and Product Differentiation:

•Content: Adapt the information and materials students learn, such as using different texts,
videos, or interactive tools.
•Process: Change the way students engage with the content, such as using different learning
activities, projects, or group work formats.
•Product: Allow students to demonstrate their learning in different ways, such as through
presentations, written assignments, or creative projects.
 4.4. Managing Computing Class room

Managing a computing classroom effectively involves establishing clear expectations, utilizing

technology strategically, and implementing proactive monitoring and support to ensure a
productive and positive learning environment.
1. Setting the Stage for Success:
•Clear Expectations & Rules:
Establish clear rules and expectations for computer use, including acceptable online
behavior, logging in/out procedures, and lab etiquette.
•Proximity & Observation:
Regularly circulate the classroom, observing student activities and providing
assistance.
•Positive Reinforcement:
Acknowledge and reward positive behavior and effort.
• Accountability:
Hold students accountable for their actions and consequences for misbehavior,
focusing on teaching responsibility.
 Con…
2. Leveraging Technology:
•Strategic Use of Technology:
Integrate technology tools (like interactive whiteboards, learning apps, and online resources) to
enhance learning and engagement.
•Centralized Access to Information:
Utilize platforms like Google Classroom to provide students with easy access to materials,
assignments, and instructions.
•Device Management Tools:
Consider using device management tools to monitor student device usage, track patterns, and identify
potential issues.
•Prepare Bookmarks/Favorites:
Provide students with pre-selected bookmarks to direct them to appropriate online resources.
•Post Computer Use Rules:
Display computer use rules prominently, including instructions for students who finish early.
3. Proactive Monitoring & Support:
• Regular Monitoring: Monitor student device usage to ensure compliance with classroom rules and policies.
•Early Intervention: Address minor disruptions promptly and privately.
•Technical Support: Be prepared to provide technical assistance to students, and have a plan for addressing
• equipment issues.
Con…
•Stay Organized: Keep the classroom organized and ensure that computers are set
up and ready for use.
•Computer Lab Care: Emphasize the importance of keeping the lab clean,
organized, and free of food and drinks.
•Log Out Properly: Remind students to log out of computers when finished.
•Shut Down Computers: Ensure that computers are shut down properly at the end
of the day.
4.5. Challenges of Applying Teaching Methods in ICT
• Integrating ICT effectively in teaching faces challenges including lack of infrastructure,
resources, and training, as well as resistance to change and inadequate support from
administrators and teachers
1. Lack of Training and Skills:
• Many teachers may lack the necessary skills and training to effectively integrate ICT into their
teaching methods.
• This can lead to a reluctance to use technology or an inability to fully leverage its potential.
• Addressing this requires providing teachers with ongoing professional development
opportunities focused on pedagogical approaches to ICT integration.
2. Inadequate Resources and Infrastructure:
• Access to reliable technology, internet connectivity, and necessary software can be a significant
hurdle.
• Budget limitations, lack of funding, and inadequate infrastructure can hinder the effective
implementation of ICT in education.
• Addressing this requires investing in infrastructure, providing adequate resources, and ensuring
equitable access for all students and teachers.
3. Technical Issues and Maintenance:
• Dealing with technical problems, software glitches, and equipment malfunctions can be time-
consuming and disruptive.
• Lack of technical support and maintenance can further exacerbate these issues.
• Addressing this requires establishing robust technical support systems and providing ongoing
maintenance for ICT equipment.
4. Resistance to Change and Lack of Motivation:
• Some teachers may resist adopting new technologies due to a lack of familiarity or a preference for
traditional teaching methods.
• This can be due to a lack of perceived value, fear of failure, or a lack of motivation to embrace
change.
• Addressing this requires promoting the benefits of ICT integration, providing ongoing support and
encouragement, and fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration.
5. Other Challenges:
Curriculum and Content Development:
• Developing appropriate ICT-based learning materials and integrating them into the curriculum can be
challenging.
Digital Divide:
• Ensuring equitable access to technology and digital literacy for all
students, regardless of their socioeconomic background, is crucial.
Student Engagement and Motivation:
• Using ICT effectively to engage students and motivate them to learn
requires careful planning and implementation.
Data Privacy and Security:
• Protecting student data and ensuring the security of online learning
platforms is a critical concern.
• The major barriers were lack of genuine software, inadequate computer
in the classroom, low speed internet, lack of motivation from both teacher
and student side to use ICT, lack of proper training skills, unavailability
of latest ICT equipment, lack of expert technical staff, poor
administrative support, poor course.
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