PREPARED BY

TEACHER JAY

SOUND AND SPACE

UNIT 6
ENTRY TICKET (5
minutes)
1. TRUE or FALSE. Sound is caused by False. It cannot travel without a
vibrations and does NOT need a medium to medium
travel.
2. TRUE or FALSE. Sound travels faster False. Light travels faster
than light.
3. A sound with higher __________ has a
higher frequency.
a. loudness
b. wavelength
c. pitch
d. none of the above
4. A loud sound has high ___________.
a. frequency
b. wavelength
c. amplitude
d. none of the above
By the end of this topic, you will: objecti
1 Find out about the amplitude of a ve
sound wave

Find out about the frequency of

a sound wave
2
Learn how amplitude is linked to
3 loudness
Learn how frequency is related
to pitch
4
recoGnise amplitude and
5 frequency of a waveform
HOW IS SHE ABLE TO PLAY
HER PERCUSSIONS?
Evelyn Glennie is a
renowned
percussionist.
Astonishingly, she
has been deaf since
the age of 12.
She uses the
vibrations caused
by musical sounds to
help them 'listen' to
music.
SOUND
Sound is a type of
energy made by
vibrations
When an object
vibrates, it causes
movement in
surrounding air
molecules.

The vibrations are passed through the air to our

ears where they cause the eardrum to vibrate, and
we hear the sound.
 HOW DOES
SOUND TRAVEL?
Sound is a series It cannot travel
Sound requires a through vacuum as
of vibrations
medium to there are no
passing
propagate particles to pass the
through air or
another material vibration to
CAN A SOUND
WAVE
SHATTER A
HUMAN?
It has been calculated that
it would take about 240 dB
to make a human head
explode.
It is next to impossible to
create this level of noise alone.

A nuclear bomb explosion has

been reported to be 240 to 280
dB+
The loudest sound in
recorded history
came from the
volcanic eruption on
the Indonesian island
Krakatoa (180dB).
The explosion caused two thirds
of the island to collapse and
formed tsunami waves as high as
46 m (151 ft) rocking ships as far
away as South Africa.
THE LOUDEST sound
ever heard
 ENTRY TICKET (10
minutes)
1. TRUE or FALSE. Sound wave B has a
higher frequency than A.
FALSE (They have the same frequency) cm A
2. TRUE or FALSE. Sound wave B carries
more energy than A.
TRUE (Wave B carries more energy as it has higher m
amplitude)
3. What is the amplitude of wave B?
cm B
A = 6cm

4. What is the wavelength of wave A?

λ= 6m m
 KEY
TERMINOLOGIES
Frequency is the Wavelength is Amplitude the
number of the actual maximum
vibrations per distance displacement or
second (Hz) between the two distance moved by
successive a point on a
vibrating body or
crests that are
wave measured
either troughs or
from its
peaks in a wave. equilibrium
position
OSCILLOSCOPE
An image of a pure note can be
produced by playing the
instrument next to a
microphone connected to an
oscilloscope.
 Higher frequency = Higher pitch
Lower frequency= Lower pitch FREQUEN
A crest (or peak) point on a
wave is the maximum value
of upward displacement
within a cycle.
A trough point is the
minimum or lowest point in
a cycle
The frequency of
T a sound wave is Frequency (Hz)
associated with is the number of
ONE CYCLE = ONE VIBRATION
our perception of vibrations per
that sound's second
pitch.
WAVELENGTH WAVELE
NGTH

Wavelength is
the actual
distance
between the two
successive
crests that are
either troughs or
peaks in a wave. WAVELE
WAVELE
NGTH
NGTH
 AMPLIT AMPLITUD
UDE

Amplitude the
maximum
AMPLIT displacement or
UDE distance moved by
a point on a
vibrating body or
Amplitude of a sound determines its
wave measured
loudness (dB).
from its
equilibrium
Larger amplitude = Louder
position
sound
Smaller amplitude = Softer
Sound
SEEING SOUND Each horizontal division in this example is
at 20ms

What is the period

(T)?
1.0cm T = 2 x 20ms =
40ms
0.5cm

What is the
-0.5cm
frequency (f)?
1 1
f= = = 25Hz
-1.0cm T 40x10 s
-3

What is the amplitude

(A)?
A = 1.0cm
What is the WAVE’s
AMPLITUDE AND
WAVELENGTH?

m
VISUALIZING FREQUENCY
AND AMPLITUDE
Blue – Wave
A
Red – Wave
B

• Similar
Frequency
• Wave B has
greater
Amplitude
VISUALIZING FREQUENCY
AND AMPLITUDE
Blue – Wave
A
Red – Wave
B

• Similar
Frequency
• Wave B has
lesser
Amplitude
VISUALIZING FREQUENCY
AND AMPLITUDE

• Similar Amplitude
Blue – Wave • Wave B has twice
A
the frequency of
Red – Wave
Wave A
B
RANGE OF
HEARING

• Audible
Range for
humans

• 20-20,000Hz
MEDICAL FIELD
• Diagnostic
ultrasound, also called
sonography or, is an
imaging method that
uses sound waves to
produce images of
structures within your
body.

APPLICATIONS OF
 ENGINEERING
• Ultrasonic Testing
(Crack Detection)
The ultrasound transmitted
from a device travels
straight through the
substance and hits objects
having different
properties, such as a thin
layer of air generated
around a crack. There it
APPLICATIONS OF SOUND
would bounce, which would
then be detected by a
WARFARE / WEAPONRY

• Long-range acoustic
device (LRAD) can be
used to hammer
Somalian pirates with a
beam of 150 dB of bone-
jarring noise, which can
cause permanent
hearing loss for its
targets even at distances APPLICATIONS OF
of 300 meters
 EXIT TICKET QUIZ
#2 (20 minutes)
1. Explain how frequency and amplitude of a sound are related to pitch and
loudness.
2. Wave A has thrice the amplitude of wave B and wave B has twice the
frequency of wave A.

a) Sketch the trace (illustrate in waveform) the frequency and amplitude of

waves A and B.

b) A third wave C is known to vibrate 1000 times in 40s. If the frequency of

wave B is a fifth of wave C, calculate the frequencies of waves A and B.

c) Which of the following waves A, B, and C are audible and inaudible to

humans?
Making
SOUND
WHEN THE STRINGS
ARE PLUCKED, it
vibrates and in turn
causes the body of
the guitar and the
air inside to vibrate
THE strings HAVE
DIFFERENT MASS/AND
TENSION WHICH RESULTS
IN A DIFFERENT PITCH
HOW DO FLUTEs MAKE
DIFFERENT NOTES
KEYWORDS
HOW SOUND
compression: a region of sound
wave where the particles are
TRAVELS
pushed together

rarefaction: a region of sound

wave where the particles are
further apart
Sound travels around THE SPEED
330 - 350 m/s in air OF SOUND
It changes slightly depending
on the temperature and
humidity in the air
 CALCULATIONS USING THE
SPEED OF SOUND

A man shouts loudly from a

cliff facing a mountain. If the
mountain is 3 km from the
man, how long after the shout
will the echo be heard?

Speed of sound in air = 330 Speed = Distance / Time

m/s
 CALCULATIONS USING THE
SPEED OF SOUND
To keep it safe, a ship sends a
sound wave to determine the
water level beneath it.

If the echo is received 2

seconds:

(a) How deep is the water?

(2) The safe water level for

sailing is set to 50m. If the
Speed of sound in water = 1500 echo is received after .01s, is
m/s still safe to sail?
DETERMINING THE
SPEED OF SOUND Bang the two blocks
of wood
When the sound
reaches the first
microphone, the
timer STARTS
TIMING
When the sound
reaches the second
microphone, the
timer stops
DISTANCE OF THE
SPEED = MICS
TIM
E
EXIT TICKET QUIZ
#1 (20 minutes)
1. Describe how sound is made.

2. How do you measure the speed of

sound?

3. Sound travels 1500 m/s in fresh water

and 1530 m/s in salt water. Explain the
difference in speeds.

4. A man talks and hears the echo from a

building after 5 seconds. How far away is the
building from him? Assume the speed of
sound is 340 m/s.
PRACTICAL PRoblem Assume the speed of sound = 330m/s

You live nearby an active

volcano. Minor explosions
can be seen from where
you are but can be heard
2s after.

Given that the safe zone to

avoid ear damage is
1800m, Calculate the ff: 1800 m

(a)How far should you

move to be safe?

(b)Calculate the area of the

danger zone (KM)
great job !