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05 JavaScript v5 Part-2

This document provides an introduction to JavaScript, covering its role in web development alongside HTML and CSS. It explains key concepts such as the Document Object Model, data types, variables, functions, and event handling, along with practical examples of JavaScript code. The document also discusses JavaScript objects, arrays, and common mathematical operations, making it a comprehensive guide for beginners in JavaScript programming.

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Abdullah Naeem
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8 views44 pages

05 JavaScript v5 Part-2

This document provides an introduction to JavaScript, covering its role in web development alongside HTML and CSS. It explains key concepts such as the Document Object Model, data types, variables, functions, and event handling, along with practical examples of JavaScript code. The document also discusses JavaScript objects, arrays, and common mathematical operations, making it a comprehensive guide for beginners in JavaScript programming.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Naeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

Introduction to JavaScript

Instructor : Dr Farzana Jabeen


Quick Recap
Why JavaScript?
• HTML to define the
content of web pages
• CSS to specify the
layout of web pages
• JavaScript to program
the behavior of web
pages

• https://www.w3schools
.com/js/
Document Object Model
• An object could be anything (e.g. a Web page)
• Objects perform methods (show an image)
• Objects have properties which can be
modified
– Image
• Height/Width
• Manipulate properties with JavaScript
JavaScript Can Change HTML Content
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>What Can JavaScript Do?</h1>

<p id="demo">JavaScript can change HTML


content.</p>

<button type="button"
onclick="document.getElementById('demo').
innerHTML = 'Hello JavaScript!'">
Click Me!</button>

</body>
</html>
Find an HTML element by its id
JavaScript Can Change HTML Attributes
<h1>JavaScript Can Change Images</h1>
<img id="myImage" onclick="changeImage()"
src="pic_bulboff.gif" width="100"
height="180">
<p>Click the light bulb to turn on/off the
light.</p>

<script>
function changeImage() {
var image =
document.getElementById('myImage');
if (image.src.match("bulbon")) {
image.src = "pic_bulboff.gif";
} else {
image.src = "pic_bulbon.gif";
}
}
</script>
JavaScript Can Change HTML Styles (CSS)
<h1>What Can JavaScript Do?</h1>

<p id="demo">JavaScript can change the


style of an HTML element.</p>

<script>
function myFunction() {
var x =
document.getElementById("demo");
x.style.fontSize = "25px";
x.style.color = "red";
}
</script>

<button type="button"
onclick="myFunction()">Click Me!</button>
JavaScript Can Validate Data
<h1>JavaScript Can Validate Input</h1>
<p>Please input a number between 1 and 10:</p>
<input id="numb" type="number">
<button type="button"
onclick="myFunction()">Submit</button>
<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
function myFunction() {
var x, text;

// Get the value of the input field with id="numb"


x = document.getElementById("numb").value;

// If x is Not a Number or less than one or greater than 10


if (isNaN(x) || x < 1 || x > 10) {
text = "Input not valid";
} else {
text = "Input OK";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = text;
}
</script>
Javascript Variables
• All JavaScript variables must be identified with unique names.
• These unique names are called identifiers.
• Identifiers can be short names (like x and y), or more
descriptive names (age, sum, totalVolume).
• The general rules for constructing names for variables (unique
identifiers) are:
– Names can contain letters, digits, underscores, and dollar signs.
– Names must begin with a letter
– Names can also begin with $ and _ (but we will not use it in this
tutorial)
– Names are case sensitive (y and Y are different variables)
– Reserved words (like JavaScript keywords) cannot be used as names
Variables and Data Types
• Numbers
– Integer and floating-point numbers.
• Booleans
– True or false.
• Strings
– Anything surrounded by “” (double quotes) or ‘’ (single quotes)
e.g. “My String” = ‘My String’
• Object
– myObj = new Object();
• null
– Not the same as zero - no value at all.
• Undefined
– The Variable has been created but no value has been assigned to it
Operators
• Arithmetic
+,-,*,/,%,--,++
• Comparison
==, !=, >, >=, <, <=
• Boolean
&&, ||, !
Coercion
• A variable of one type can be used as if it were
another.
• If there's a conflict, javascript doesn't produce
an exception
– string+number goes to strings
– boolean+string goes to strings
– number+boolean goes to numbers

– Explicit conversions
• string to an integer, use the parseInt() method.
• string to a number, use the parseFloat() method.
JavaScript Arithmetic
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

<p>Add 5 + 2 + 3, and display the result:</p>

<p id="demo"></p> What will be the output here?

<script>

var x = 5 + 2 + 3;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>

</body>
</html>
Today’s Lecture
JavaScript Arithmetic
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>

<p>Add “Jhon" + " " + “Smith":</p>

<p id="demo"></p> What will be the output here?

<script>
var x = “Jhon" + " " + “z";
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script> JavaScript Variables
Add “Jhon”+” “+”Smith”
</body> Jhon Z
</html>
JavaScript Arithmetic
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript Variables</h1>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script> What will be the output here?
var x = "5" + 2 + 3;
var y = 5 + 2 + "3";
var z = 5 + "2" + 3;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML += x+"<br/>";
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML += y+"<br/>";
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML += z;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Statements
• Conditionals
– if(x < 0){
alert(“x is negative”);
}
else{
alert(“x is positive”);
}

– switch(favoriteProf){
case “Jhon”:
//statements;
break;
case “Jhon Smith”:
//statements;
break;
default:
statement;
}
Statements
• Loops
– for(var i =0; i < myArray.length;i++){
document.write(i);
}

– do
{ statements;}
while (condition)

– while(condition){
statements;
}
Functions
• The function is a set of statements that perform
some specific piece of work.
• JS Function
function funcName(argument1,argument2,etc) {
statements;
}
• Example:
function foo(myString){ // this is function definition
document.write(myString);
}

foo(“Computers are fun”); // calling the function


Function Example
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function displaymessage()
{
alert(“The aliens have landed!!");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="button" value="Click me!" onclick="displaymessage()">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Events
• Events are actions that can be detected by JavaScript.
• Every element on a web page has certain events which can trigger
JavaScript functions.
• For example, we can use the onClick event of a button element to
indicate that a function will run when a user clicks on the button.
We define the events in the HTML tags.
• Examples of events:
– A mouse click
– A web page loading or an image loading
– Mousing over a hot spot on the web page
– Selecting an input box in an HTML form
– Submitting an HTML form
– A keystroke
Event Handlers
• JavaScript events are placed inside HTML Tags
• Examples:
onclick onmousedown
onload ondblclick
onunload onkeypress
onmouseout onkeydown
onmouseover onkeyup
onmouseup onselect
onchange onsubmit
onfocus onblur
Real Life Examples
• Form Validation
Create function to run on form’s onSubmit event

<form id="myForm" action="#" onsubmit="return validate()“


method="get" >

<input type="text" name="firstName" id=“fName“ />


<input type=“text" name=“lastName" id=“lName“ />
<input type="submit" />

</form>
Real Life Examples
• Form Validation
function validate()
{
if(myform[“fname"].value==""){
alert("You must enter your first name");
myform[“fname"].focus();
return false;
}
if(myform[“lname"].value==""){
alert("You must enter your last name");
myform[“lname"].focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
Real Life Examples
Other ways to access a form
document.forms[0].elements[0]
gets the first form and first element of the form
document.forms[“formName”].elements[“elemen
tName”]
document.formName.elementName
Image Rollover
• Swap Images
– On mouse over event swap the image
– On mouse out event restore the image
• Code
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#" onmouseover=“myimage.src=‘image2.jpg'“
onmouseout=“myimage.src=‘image1.jpg'">
<img src=“image1.jpg" id=“myimage" name=“myimage“ width=“130" height=“15" /></a>
</body>
</html>
JavaScript Objects
• JavaScript is an Object Oriented Programming
(OOP) language. An OOP language allows you
to define your own objects and make your
own variable types.
• Note that an object is just a special kind of
data. An object has properties and methods.
JavaScript Objects
• To declare an object
var myObj = new Object();
• To set properties
myObj.name = “Alex”
JavaScript Objects
• Properties
– Properties are the values associated with an object.
– In the following example we are using the length property of the
String object to return the number of characters in a string:
<Html>
<Head> <Title> My Page</Title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var txt="Hello Class!“;
document.write(txt.length);
</script>
</Head>
<Body> Hello Class </Body>
</Html>

The output of the code above will be: 12


Matching
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var str="Hello world!"
document.write(str.match("world") + "<br />")
document.write(str.match("World") + "<br />")
document.write(str.match("worlld") + "<br />")
document.write(str.match("world!"))
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output: world
null
null
world!
Replace
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var str="Visit SEECS!"
document.write(str.replace(“SEECS","NUST"))
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output: Visit NUST!


Date Object
• The Date object is used to work with dates and times.
• Examples
– Return today's date and time
How to use the Date() method to get today's date.
– get Time()
Use getTime() to calculate the years since 1970.
– setFullYear()
How to use setFullYear() to set a specific date.
– getDay()
Use getDay() and an array to write a weekday, and not just a number.
– Display a clock
How to display a clock on your web page.

For a complete list of Date Object methods:


http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_obj_date.asp
Getting the date
<Html>
<Head> <Title> My Page</Title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var d = new Date()
document.write(d.getDate() + "/")
document.write((d.getMonth() + 1) + "/")
document.write(d.getFullYear())
</script>
</Head>
</Html>

OUTPUT: 6/3/2023
Math Objects
• The Math object allows you to perform common
mathematical tasks.
• Examples
– round()
How to use round().
– random()
How to use random() to return a random number between 0
and 1.
– max()
How to use max() to return the number with the highest value
of two specified numbers.
– min()
How to use min() to return the number with the lowest value of
two specified numbers.
Getting a random number
• The following code gets a random floating-
point number between 0 and 1:
• <script type="text/javascript">
document.write(Math.random())
</script>

0.728762788388911
Getting a random integer
• The following code gets a random integer
between 1 and 10:
<script type="text/javascript">
var max = 10;
number=Math.random()*max + 1;
document.write(Math.floor(number));
</script>

5
Text Literals
• Double and Single Quotes
• Escape Sequences begin with a \
– \b is backspace, \n is newline, \r is CR
– \’ is single quote (so you can use it in a string as a
literal)
– \\ is backslash
Math
• Standard Math functions supported (+, -, *, /,
etc.)
• Use parseInt() or parseFloat() method to treat
variables as numbers
var x = prompt ("What Year Is It?");
var y = prompt ("What Year Were You Born?”);
document.write ("You're " + (parseInt(x)-
parseInt(y)) + " years old");

• Precedence is important!
Array literals
• You don’t declare the types of variables in JavaScript
• JavaScript has array literals, written with brackets and
commas
– Example: color = ["red", "yellow", "green", "blue"];
– Arrays are zero-based: color[0] is "red"
• If you put two commas in a row, the array has an
“empty” element in that location
– Example: color = ["red", , , "green", "blue"];
• color has 5 elements
– However, a single comma at the end is ignored
• Example: color = ["red", , , "green", "blue”,]; still has 5 elements
Four ways to create an array
• You can use an array literal:
– var colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];

• You can use new Array() to create an empty array:


– var colors = new Array();
– You can add elements to the array later:
colors[0] = "red"; colors[2] = "blue"; colors[1]="green";

• You can use new Array(n) with a single numeric argument to create an
array of that size
– var colors = new Array(3);
– You can add elements to the array later:
colors[0] = "red"; colors[2] = "blue"; colors[1]="green";

• You can use new Array(…) with two or more arguments to create an array
containing those values:
– var colors = new Array("red","green", "blue");
The length of an array
• If myArray is an array, its length is given by myArray.length
• Array length can be changed by assignment beyond the
current length
– Example:
var myArray = new Array(5);
myArray[10] = 3;
• Arrays are sparse, that is, space is only allocated for
elements that have been assigned a value
– Example:
myArray[50000] = 3;
– But indices must be between 0 and 232-1
Array functions
• If myArray is an array,
– myArray.sort() sorts the array alphabetically
– myArray.sort(function(a, b) { return a - b; }) sorts
numerically
– myArray.reverse() reverses the array elements
– myArray.push(…) adds any number of new elements to
the end of the array, and increases the array’s length
– myArray.pop() removes and returns the last element of
the array, and decrements the array’s length
– myArray.toString() returns a string containing the values
of the array elements, separated by commas
Prepare Quiz with 6 questions regarding array sorting and set timer to 1
minute to solve it. when times up show the final score. Use Java script,
Html and CSS.
Hint : use Array, Forms

CLASS ACTIVITY
JS Scope, JS Maps, Arrow Functions, JS Strict Mode, JS Destructuring

READING TASKS

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