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OS Multi Threaded Programming

Multithreaded programming in operating systems allows multiple threads to execute within a single process, enhancing performance and responsiveness. Threads are lightweight processes that share resources, enabling faster context switching and efficient CPU utilization in multicore systems. However, challenges such as race conditions, deadlocks, and synchronization issues must be managed to ensure effective multithreading.

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Krystene coronel
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2 views

OS Multi Threaded Programming

Multithreaded programming in operating systems allows multiple threads to execute within a single process, enhancing performance and responsiveness. Threads are lightweight processes that share resources, enabling faster context switching and efficient CPU utilization in multicore systems. However, challenges such as race conditions, deadlocks, and synchronization issues must be managed to ensure effective multithreading.

Uploaded by

Krystene coronel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multi-threaded

programming
Prepared by: Engr. Marlon Peter G. Balingit
Multithreaded Programming in
Operating Systems (OS)
refers to the ability of an OS to support multiple threads
of execution within a single process. Threads are the
smallest unit of CPU execution and allow programs to
perform multiple tasks concurrently, improving
performance and responsiveness.

NOTE:
A program that is in execution is called a process.
Thread is a basic unit of execution.(basic unit of CpU
Utilization)
What is a
program
A process is the actual
execution of the program
And several processes can
be associated with the
same program
Scheduler
Threads
Definition: A thread is a lightweight process that shares resources like memory, files, and data with
other threads in the same process.

Benefits:
Faster context switching compared to processes.
Shared memory space enables easier data sharing.
Efficient use of CPU in multicore systems.

Program
Thread Register stack
counter
ID Set

It shares with other threads belonging to the same process its code section, data
section and other operating system resources such as open files and signals

A traditional/heavyweight process has a single thread of control. If a process has


multiple threads of control, it can perform more than one task at a time.
Multithreading Models:
•User-Level Threads (ULT):
•Managed by the user, not the kernel.
•Efficient but lacks kernel-level concurrency.
•supported above the kernel and are managed by without kernel support.

•Kernel-Level Threads (KLT):


•Managed by the operating system kernel.
•True parallel execution is supported.
• supported and managed directly by the operating system

•Hybrid Model:
•Combines user-level and kernel-level threads for flexibility and performance.

•Thread States:
New: Thread created but not yet started.
Runnable: Ready to run when the CPU is available.
Blocked/Waiting: Waiting for I/O or a resource.
Terminated: Thread has completed execution.
Advantages of Multithreading
• Responsiveness: Improves application
responsiveness, especially in user interfaces.
• Resource Sharing: Threads in a process share
memory and resources, reducing overhead.
• Scalability: Exploits the capabilities of multicore
processors.
• Improved Throughput: Multiple threads perform tasks
concurrently, increasing efficiency.
Challenges in Multithreaded
Programming
•Race Conditions: Multiple threads accessing shared
resources simultaneously can lead to inconsistent results.
•Deadlocks: Threads waiting indefinitely for resources
held by each other.
•Synchronization:
•Using locks, mutexes, and semaphores to coordinate
access to shared resources.
•Context Switching Overhead: Frequent switching
between threads may reduce performance.
Common Synchronization
Mechanisms
1.Mutexes: Ensures only one thread accesses a critical
section at a time.
2.Semaphores: Allows a fixed number of threads to
access a resource.
3.Monitors: High-level abstraction for managing thread
synchronization.
4.Atomic Operations: Provides hardware-level
guarantees for operation completion.

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