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Matrices

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Douda Samih
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4 views8 pages

Matrices

Uploaded by

Douda Samih
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrices

Arrays of Arrays
(And, yes, you can have:
arrays of arrays of arrays, and
arrays of arrays of arrays of arrays, and
arrays of arrays of arrays of arrays of
arrays, and….)
Arrays (review):

→ A data structure (yep!! Your first data structure!)

→ Characteristics:
→ Sequential (one item after another one)
→ So there’s an order to the items – a first one, a 32
second one, a third one, etc.
→ It consists of one type
→ So all the items are ints, or all are strings, or all
are floats, or all are Boolean values, etc.
→ It has a size (i.e., it has a specific number of items)
→ To create: int arr_var[10];
→ To put a value in: arr_var[8] = 32;
Array of Arrays: Matrix!!!
(Did not get those movies…)

→ You can create an array of arrays!

→ E.g., int mat_var[3][5];


→ This creates 3 arrays, each 5 ints in length. (See pic, right)
→ Yes, the first number is the number of rows and the second is, in
essence the number of columns. (counter-intuitive)
→ Yes, you COULD have each of the rows have different column length
(we’re not dealing with that yet)
→ No, the arrays can’t be of different types.
→ That’s python. We’re not python.
Adding values to a matrix:
0 1 2 3 4

0
→ Row first, then column:
1 42
→ mat_var[1][3] = 42;
2

0 1 2 3 4

You can use a loop to fill a row: 0

for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { 1 0 1 4 9 16


mat_var[1][j] = j*j;
2
}
Adding values to a matrix:
0 1 2 3 4
You can fill each row in the matrix:
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
0 0 1 2 3 4
mat_var[0][j] = j;
}
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
1 0 2 4 6 8
mat_var[1][j] = j*2;
} 2 0 1 4 9 16
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
mat_var[2][j] = j*j;
}
Better: Loop inside of a loop: 0 1 2 3 4
→ Outer loop: goes through each row
0 0 1 2 3 4
→ Inner loop – goes through each index (column) in the row

for (int i = 0; i< 3; i++) { 1 0 2 4 6 8


for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
2 0 3 6 9 12
mat_var[i][j] = j *( i+1); // i is row, j is column
}
}
Printing out a matrix:
To print one row: 0 1 2 3 4
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
0 0 1 2 3 4
cout << mat_var[1][j] <<“, “;
} 1 0 2 4 6 8
cout << endl;
2 0 1 4 9 16
Note that the first bracket value is the row.
What would be printed is: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,
To print entire matrix:
for (int i = 0; i< 3; i++) { // loops through each row
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { // loops through each index in a row
cout << mat_var[i][j] << “ “; // i is row, j is column 0 1 2 3 4
}
0 0 1 2 3 4
cout << endl;
}
1 0 2 4 6 8
Prints out:
0 1 2 3 4 2 0 3 6 9 12
0 2 4 6 8
An example
(not a terribly useful one, but it still might help to see an example…)
char mat_var[5][9];
for (int i = 0; i< 5; i++) { // loops through each row
for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) { // loops through each index in a row
if ((j == i) || ((8-i) == j)) {
mat_var[i][j] = '*'; // again, i is row, j is column
}
else {
mat_var[i][j] = '-';
}
cout << endl; Prints:
} * - - - - - - - *
}
- * - - - - - * -
for (int i = 0; i< 5; i++) { // loops through each row
for (int j = 0; j <9; j++) { // loops through each index in a row - - * - - - * - -
cout << mat_var[i][j] << " "; // again, i is row, j is column - - - * - * - - -
}
- - - - * - - - -
cout << endl;
}
Take-aways

→ A Matrix is an array in which each index in the array is also an array.

→ To declare: int mat[4][7]; // where 4 is the number of rows and 7 is the number of values in each row.

→ To access a value in a matrix:


cout << mat[2][4] << endl; // 2 is the row and 4 is the value
mat[3][1] = 22; // puts 22 in row 3, column 1 (remember, both start at index 0)

→ To loop through entire matrix:


for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // loops through each row
for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++) { // loops through each column, or index in the row
cout << mat[i][j] << “, “;
}
cout << endl;
}

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