GEN

DER
 GEN
DER

DISCRIMINATI an INEQUALITIE
ON d S
 GENDER
SQ
UA
D

NICOLE S. DENVIER B. REYJENALD JAYVAN

HINGPIT JOAQUINO GENSON GELSANO
 Group 8 March 2025
Table of
Con
tent
s 3.

1.

4.
2.

GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND INEQUALITIES GENDER SQUAD

 MACHISMO
VS.
MARIANISMO
MACHISMO VS. MARIANISMO

MACHISMO: Encompasses positive and negative

aspects of masculinity including:

Braver
Sexual Prowess
Honor
Reserved Emotions
Aggression
Sexism
• Among others
MACHISMO VS. MARIANISMO

Machismo- comes from the assertion of male dominance in everyday life. In

traditional Machismo culture, women are seen as homemakers.

HOW MACHISMO IMPACTS MENTAL HEALTH?

-Machismo has been found to be related to increased levels of depression
and stress among men. With restrictive emotionality acting as a key
characteristic of Machismo, men are not taught that their emotions are
real, valid, or worthy of being expressed.
MACHISMO VS. MARIANISMO

MARIANISMO:
•The counterpart to machismo is marianismo, which is a set of values and
expectations concerning female gender roles. Marianismo emphasizes the role
of women as family- and home-centered; it encourages passivity, self-sacrifice,
and chastity.
• Historically, rooted in marianismo is Christian Values brought to Latin America
during colonization, which defined as nurturing figures and spiritual pillars of the
family; it is a construction of the expected female gender roles based on the
Virgin Mary.
• While the concept of marianismo has been criticized for perpetuating gender
inequality and limiting women’s autonomy, it continues to influence cultural
norms and values in many Latin American societies.
MACHISMO VS. MARIANISMO

MACHISMO
•Is a social construct that promotes exaggerated masculinity, or the traits that
are often attributed to masculinity, such as dominance and aggression.

•Is also an ideology that deems women as inferior to men and promotes the
denial of women participating in work or lifestyles that are associated with
power or independency.
MACHISMO VS. MARIANISMO

MACHISMO & MARIANISMO DIFFERENCES

MARIANISMO
•A twisted perception of the female gender as a one-dimensional being
with specific characteristics often attributed to feminity, such as self-
sacrifice, sexual purity, taking care of others, morality, subordination, and self-
silencing.

•Also promotes the idea that women are spiritually superior to men and should
therefore be a pillar of spiritual strength within the family.
MACHISMO VS. MARIANISMO

HOW DOES IT AFFECT PEOPLE THROUGH VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTAL

PROCESSES?

From the early stages of development, when their parents or caregivers teach a
child different behaviour and beliefs, a child can be affected by machismo and
marianismo, both from learned behaviour (seeing how the members of their
family interact) and from directly being taught these ideologies. We often see
this happen in our community when a baby is told, “ don’t cry, boys don’t cry.” or
when a girl is told, “don’t be loud, “be a lady.”
MISOGYNY
VS.
MISANDRY
MISOGYNY VS. MISANDRY

WHAT IS MISOGYNY?

• Refers specially to a hatred of, contempt for or prejudice against women or

girls.

• The word misogyny is formed from the Greek root misein “to hate” and gynē
“woman”.

MISOGYNIST

• Is a person who hates or discriminates against women.

MISOGYNY VS. MISANDRY

EXAMPLES OF MISOGYNY:

•You judge women’s sexual behavior differently from men’s sexual behavior.

•You’re disgusted at seeing women’s body hair.

•You believe women are too emotional to be good leaders, are not good at
science/sports or a woman’s main purpose is to be a mother.

•Violence against women.

MISOGYNY VS. MISANDRY

WHAT IS MISANDRY?

• Refers to a hatred or strong dislike of all men.

• Mis “hatred” “men”. Andry

MISANDRIST
• Is a person who hates or discriminates against men.

EXAMPLES OF MISANDRY:

Degrading men.
Sexual Violence where the victim is man.
MISOGYNY VS. MISANDRY

REASONS WHY INDIVIDUALS BECOME MISOGYNIST & MISADRIST

Both misogyny and misandry suggest a deep-seated mistrust or prejudice

towards the opposite sex. Sometimes a person’s misandry or misogyny can be
traced back to early childhood experienced or sexual trauma.
A woman who was raised in a male-dominated household with an abusive
father and passive mother. For example, could develop a very negative
impression of men over time. This form of misandry could be reinforced by a
pattern of abusive relationship or employment under a controlling male boss.
MISOGYNY VS. MISANDRY

REASONS WHY INDIVIDUALS BECOME MISOGYNIST & MISADRIST

A misandrist often develops an irritational hatred or prejudice towards all men

because of these oppressive life experiences at the hands of abusive or
controlling men.

The key difference between these two biases is that women have been
oppressed by systems of misogyny for centuries while misandry stems from the
resulting fear and resentment of woman towards their oppressor. Misogyny
fostered a long history of restrictions on women’s fundamental rights, while men
have never faced this type of oppression, despite the existence of misandry.
 GENDER
INEQUALITY
GENDER INEQUALITY

• HOME
•
• SCHOOL

• PEER GROUPS

GENDER INEQUALITY:

Social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of
gender.
Common act of civil rights that takes on multiple forms including sexual
embarrassment.
GENDER INEQUALITY

WHY GENDER INEQUALITY STARTS AT HOME?

Home is where the heart is. But It’s also the first place where children are
socialized into gender norms, values and stereotypes.

EXAMPLES:

• Men/Husband have more power than women/wives as manifest in division of

household labor.
• Family decision-making
• Domestic Violence
• Assigning household chores
•Treating boys and girls differently
GENDER INEQUALITY

HOW DOES GENDER EQUALITY START AT HOME?

• Talk about it.

• Share the care work.
• Embrace diverse role models.
• Empower your kids to speak out.
• Fight stereotypes, including your own.
• Stop the body shame.
• Listen and learn from them
GENDER INEQUALITY

GENDER INEQUALITY IN SCHOOL

Gender inequality refers to the “existence of unequal opportunities and rewards

in society especially in education and this difference is created on the basis of
gender.

GENDER INEQUALITY IN EDUCATION

In other words, it is a social process in which individuals (men & woman) are
treated differently and disadvantageously for education under similar situations
on the basis of gender.
GENDER INEQUALITY

EXAMPLES:
• In a family, girls are not allowed to study.
• But boys can go outside the city and study as per their need.
• Boys are often praised more than girls.
• Bullying

This is a kind of inequality that is being followed in the case of education in

families.
Girls were provided with less participation opportunities as compared to their
male counterparts and hence, it led to acceptance of gender inequality.
GENDER INEQUALITY

GENDER INEQUALITY IN PEER GROUP

Peer group can consist of all males, all females, or both males and females, of
approximately the same age, status and interest. Peer groups can have great
influence on each other’s gender role depending on the amount of pressure
applied.

If a peer group strongly holds to conventional gender social norm, members will
behave in ways predicted by their gender roles, but if there is no unanimous
peer agreement, gender roles do not correlate with behavior.
GENDER INEQUALITY

GENDER INEQUALITY IN PEER GROUP

Boys tend to participate in more active and forceful activities in larger groups,
away from adults, while girls were more likely to play in a small group, near
adults. These gender differences are also representative of many stereotypical
gender roles within these same-gendered groups.

When a child does not conform to the appropriate gender role, they may face
negative sanctions such as being criticized or marginalized by their peers.
GENDER
CRIMES
GENDER CRIMES

Gender-based crimes refer to criminal offenses that are committed against an

individual due to their gender. These crimes are usually motivated by the
perpetrator’s belief that they have the right to exert power or control over their
victims because of their gender.

Gender-based crimes can affect both men and women, but women are
disproportionately affected by them.
GENDER CRIMES

EXAMPLES OF GENDER-BASED
CRIMES:

• Sexual Harassment • Honor Killings

• Sexual Assault • Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
• Domestic Violence • Forced Marriage
• Stalking • Workplace Harassment
GENDER CRIMES

SEXUAL HARASSMENT:

• Unwelcome sexual advances requests for sexual favors.

• Or other verbal or physical conducts of a sexual nature that creates an
intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment.

SEXUAL ASSAULT:

Refers to any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit
consent of the victim. Includes:

- rape - other forms of non-consensual sexual activity

- attempted rape
GENDER CRIMES

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE:

• Involves any physical, sexual, or emotional abuse that occurs within a

domestic or intimate relationship.

STALKING:

• Involves repeated and unwanted attention or contact that causes the victim to
feel fearful, harassed, or intimidated.
GENDER CRIMES

HONOR KILLINGS:

• Is the killing of an individual by family members or other due to their perceived

violation of cultural or religious norms, particularly in regard to women.

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION /CUTTING:

• Involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-
medical reasons and considered a is form of violence against women and girls.
GENDER CRIMES

FORCED MARRIAGE:

•Refers to a marriage that is entered into without the consent of one or both
parties and can result in physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.

WORKPLACE HARASSMENT:

• This can include sexual harassment, discrimination, or other forms of

mistreatment that occur in the workplace.
THANK YOU for Listening!