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Analysis and Data Interpretation

The document outlines the processes involved in data presentation, analysis, and interpretation, emphasizing the importance of organizing data into textual, tabular, and graphical formats. It highlights key reasons for data interpretation, such as informed decision-making and problem-solving, while also detailing precautions to ensure data quality and avoid biases. Additionally, it distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative data analysis, explaining descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as the significance of qualitative analysis in understanding non-numerical data.

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Dharshini Dharshini
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23 views21 pages

Analysis and Data Interpretation

The document outlines the processes involved in data presentation, analysis, and interpretation, emphasizing the importance of organizing data into textual, tabular, and graphical formats. It highlights key reasons for data interpretation, such as informed decision-making and problem-solving, while also detailing precautions to ensure data quality and avoid biases. Additionally, it distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative data analysis, explaining descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as the significance of qualitative analysis in understanding non-numerical data.

Uploaded by

Dharshini Dharshini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALYSIS AND DATA INTERPRETATION

UNIT II
PROCESS INVOLVED
PRESENTATION OF DATA
 Refers to the Organisation of data that are usually presented in
charts, tables or figures with textual interpretation.
 Textual
 Tabular
 Graphical
Textual:
 Data gathered are in paragraph form
 Data are written and read
 It is a combination of texts and numbers
WAYS OF PRESENTING DATA

Tabular:
 Provides exact values and illustrates results efficiently as they enable
the researcher to present large amount of data in a small amount of
space.
PRESENTATION OF DATA
 3. Graphical
 A visual display of data by using symbols such as bars, lines, slices or pictures
 Shows relations, comparisons and distributions in a set of data like values, percentages or index
numbers
 Common types: a. Area graph, b. column graph
ANALYSIS OF DATA

 It is the process of inspecting, rearranging, modifying and transforming data to


extract useful information from it.
 Crucial to procure accurate and appropriate analysis
 Should have the skills to analyse statistics of data and turns it into insights
INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 It refers to the implementation of processes through which data is reviewed to arrive at an


informed conclusion
 Intelligence and logic of the researcher is required in this part
 The analysis and interpretation will be the bases of the findings of the study
Adding meaning to information by making connections and comparisons and
exploring causes and consequences

Relevanc Reasons Consider Conduct


e of for other further
finding finding data research
INTERPRETATION – RELEVANCE OF FINDING

 Does the indicator meet the target?


 How far from the target is it?
 How does it compare (to other time periods, other
facilities)?
 Are there any extreme highs and lows in the data?
INTERPRETATION – POSSIBLE CAUSES?

• Supplement with expert opinion


• Others with knowledge of the program or target population
INTERPRETATION – CONSIDER OTHER DATA

 Use routine service data to clarify questions

• Calculate nurse-to-client ratio, review commodities data against client load,


etc.
 Use other data sources
INTERPRETATION – OTHER DATA SOURCES

 Situation analyses
 Demographic and health surveys
 Performance improvement data
INTERPRETATION – CONDUCT FURTHER RESEARCH

 Data gap
 conduct further research
 Methodology depends on questions being asked and resources available

Key reasons why data interpretation is important:


 Informed decision-making:
 By understanding the data, you can make evidence-based decisions instead of relying on assumptions or
intuition.
 Problem-solving:
 Identifying patterns and trends within data can help pinpoint areas needing improvement or highlight potential
issues.
 Predictive analysis:
 Analyzing data can help predict future outcomes and trends based on historical patterns.
KEY REASONS WHY DATA INTERPRETATION IS IMPORTANT:

 Hypothesis testing:
 Data interpretation allows you to test and validate research hypotheses.
 Communication of findings:
 Presenting data insights in a clear and concise way enables effective communication with
stakeholders.
 Uncovering hidden correlations:
 Data interpretation can reveal relationships between seemingly unrelated variables.
 Quality improvement:
 Analyzing data can identify areas for improvement within processes or systems.
SPECIFIC PRECAUTIONS TO TAKE

Data Quality Assessment:


 Verify the accuracy and completeness of the data before interpretation.
 Check for missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies.

Contextual Understanding:
 Consider the research question and objectives when interpreting the data.
 Analyze the data within the relevant social, economic, or environmental context.

Sample Representativeness:
 Ensure the sample used is representative of the population being studied.
 Avoid making generalizations that go beyond the scope of the sample.

Bias Awareness:
 Identify potential biases in data collection methods, such as sampling bias or response bias.
 Consider how biases might influence the interpretation of results.
SPECIFIC PRECAUTIONS TO TAKE

Statistical Significance:
 Do not interpret statistically insignificant results as meaningful.
 Understand the margin of error and confidence intervals.

Causation vs. Correlation:


 Avoid assuming that a correlation between two variables implies causation.
 Look for additional evidence to establish causal relationships.

Visualizations and Clarity:


 Use appropriate visualizations to effectively communicate data patterns.
 Present results in a clear and concise manner, avoiding misleading interpretations.

Transparency in Reporting:
 Clearly state the limitations of the data analysis.
 Disclose any assumptions made during data interpretation.
MAIN POINTS TO CONSIDER

 Use the right graph for the right data


 Tables – can display a large amount of data
 Graphs/charts – visual, easier to detect patterns
 Label the components of your graphic
 Interpreting data adds meaning by making connections and comparisons to
program
 Service data are good at tracking progress & identifying concerns – do not show
causality
TYPES OF DATA ANALYSIS
 Quantitative Data Analysis
 Quantitative data analysis deals with structured datasets that have
numbers in them. It runs algorithms on statistical data to deduce objective
truths.
 A process of analyzing number-based or data that can be easily converted into
numbers without losing any meaning.
 Simple math or more advanced statistical analysis is used to discover
commonalities or patterns in data and results are often reported into graphs or
tables.
 Descriptive statistics
 Inferential statistics
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Descriptive statistics
 Describes the data set to helps us understand the details or characteristics of our sample.
 Includes frequencies or counts, percentages nad measures of central tendency which are mean,
median and mode
 It also includes measures of variability, which tells you the “spread” or variation of the responses.

Inferential Statistics
 Used to predict the characteristics about a larger population
 Used to test hypotheses that predicts changes or difference
 Used when you want to examine differences and correlations between group
 Includes tests sucs as t-tests, ANOVA and Chi-square
 Includes regression analysis, ehich can help you understand the cause-effect relationship in your data.
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

 Qualitative data analysis comes into play when the data you are
trying to process has no bearing whatsoever with numbers, and
cannot be tabulated — e.g. text, videos, images, etc.
 The following are some of the scopes of qualitative data analysis:
 Measuring customer satisfaction
 Monitoring competition
 Analyzing customer behavior
 Evaluating market trends
 Thank you

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