Lesson 2:

What Happens When

Volcanoes Erupt?
 Objectives
After going through this module, you
are expected to:
1. explain what happens during volcanic
eruption;
2. identify the signs of an impending
volcanic eruption
3. design an emergency plan during
disaster such as volcanic eruption.
Volcano Unscramble
Using your knowledge of famous
volcanoes, see if you can unscramble
these letters to reveal the names of
known volcanoes in the Philippines
and indicate the province where they
are located.
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

TOUNM LUPGA
MOUNT
LOCATION PULAG

Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva

Viscaya
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

OUMNT NABAWHA
MOUNT
LOCATION BANAHAW

Laguna, Quezon
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

ONTUM BITUNOPA
MOUNT
LOCATION PINATUBO

Zambales, Tarlac,
Pampanga
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

MUTNO LABUSUN
MOUNT
LOCATION BULUSAN

Sorsogon, Bicol Region

 SCRAMBLED WORDS

NUTMO ONALNAK
MOUNT
LOCATION KANLAON

Negros Occidental
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

TUMNO ARIYA
MOUNT IRAYA
LOCATION
Batanes
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

MUNTO TAARAY
MOUNT ARAYAT
LOCATION
Pampanga
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

NOTMU ROGANOM
MOUNT
LOCATION AMORONG

Umingan, Pangasinan
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

MONUT GIMLAKIN
MOUNT
LOCATION MAKILING

Laguna
 SCRAMBLED WORDS

OTMUN MARASAGA
MOUNT
LOCATION MASARAGA

Albay
Identify what is
being asked from
each question
1. A _______________ is
a natural opening in
the surface of the
Earth.
VOLCANO
2. _____________ are molten
rocks inside the earth while
___________
are magma that has been
ejected out of a volcano.
Magma, Lava
3. A _______________ is a
small cone-shaped volcano
formed by the
accumulation of volcanic
debris.
Parasitic
cone
4. _____________ has not had
an eruption for at least 10,000
years and is not expected to
erupt in a comparable scale in
the future.
Extinct
5. The shape of the volcanic
cone depends on three
factors, namely
a.___________________,
b._________________
c. ___________________
Composition of
magma
Temperature of
6. ____________________ is a
stream-driven eruption as
the hot water come
contact with water.

Phreatic
7. A violent eruption due to
the contact between water
and magma is known as
____________________.

Phreatomagma
tic
8. ________________ a
periodic weak to violent
eruption characterized by
fountain lava.

Stromboli
an
9. ________________
characterized by tall
eruption columns that
reach up to 20 km high
with pyroclastic flow and
ashfall. Vulcanian
10.An excessively type of
eruption of gas and
pyroclastics is known as
____________________.

Plinia
 Unlocking of Difficulties
Volcanic Eruption Vocabulary

Direction: Arrange the

scrambled letters below to
form the word defined in
each number.
1. onaclov
__________

natural opening in
the surface of the
VOLCANO
2. pteruoin
____________________

instance of erupting

ERUPTION
3. mmgaa
__________________
hot molten rocks
formed beneath the
Earth’s surface MAGMA
4. aalv
____________________
molten rock that
comes out from a
volcano LAVA
5. sha
____________________
fine particles of
mineral matter from
a volcanic vent
ASH
 What
Happens
When
Volcanoes
Erupt?
Volcanic Eruption
 It occurs when there is a sudden
or continuing release of energy earthquakes
caused by near-surface or
gas-emission at the
surface magma movement.
surface
release of heat
explosive release of
gases
the non-explosive
extrusion or
intrusion of magma
An eruption begins when PRESSURE on a
magma chamber forces magma up
through the conduit and out the volcano's
vents. When the magma chamber has
been completely filled, the type of
eruption partly depends on the amount of
gases and silica in the magma. The
amount of silica determines how sticky
(level of viscosity) the magma is and
water provides the explosive potential of
steam.
OBSTACLES also influence
the type of eruption. When
the pipe is blocked by an
stopple or an accumulation of
pumice, the pressure in the
pipe will build up very high
resulting in an explosion.
When magma reaches earth's surface
it is called lava. It may pour out in
gentle streams called lava flows or
erupt violently into the air. Rocks
ripped loose from the inside of the
volcano or torn apart by the gas may
be shot into the air with the lava.
These rocks blown out of a volcano are
called pyroclastic rocks. The rock
fragments fall back to earth as dust,
ash, bombs, blocks, cinder and
Effects of
Volcanic
eruption
1. Volcanic eruptions can
impact climate change
through emitting volcanic
gases like sulfur dioxide,
which causes global
cooling, and volcanic
carbon dioxide, which
has the potential to
 For example, the eruption of
Pinatubo on June 15, 1991, one of
the longest volcanic eruptions, has
caused the decrease in the Earth’s
temperature for almost two years.
The strong winds during its
eruption spread the aerosol
particles from the plume around
the globe.
2. It can cause loss of lives and
properties.
 the eruption of
Pinatubo Volcano has
created spectacular
scenery in its wake.
Hundreds of
thousands of tourists
visited the area each
year. It generated a
lot of employment.
 People became also
creative by making
earthenware out of the
ashfall.
The eruption of
volcanoes also produced
very rich soils for
farming.
Despite the advantages
that people get from
volcanic eruption, the
major concern now is how
to reduce the negative
effects of disasters, reduce
loss properties and save
lives.
PHIVOLCS or Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology is a
service institute of the Department
of Science and Technology (DOST)
that is principally mandated to
mitigate disaster that may arise
from volcanic eruption,
earthquakes, tsunami and other
related geotectonic phenomena.
Signs of an impending
volcanic eruption
1. Increase in the
frequency of volcanic
quakes with rumbling
sounds; occurrence of
volcanic tremors.
2. Increased steaming
activity; change in
color of steam
emission from white
to gray due to
entrained ash.
3. Crater glow due to
presence of magma at
or near the crater.
4. Ground swells (or
inflation), ground tilt
and ground fissuring
due to magma
intrusion.
5. Localized
landslides, rockfalls
and landslides from
the summit area which
not attributable to
heavy rains.
6. Noticeable increase
in the extent of drying
up of vegetation
around the volcano's
upper slopes.
7. Increase in the
temperature of hot
springs, wells (e.g.,
Bulusan and Kanlaon)
and crater lake (e.g.,
Taal) near the volcano.
8. Noticeable variation
in the chemical
content of springs,
crater lakes within the
vicinity of the volcano.
9. Drying up of
springs/wells around
the volcano.
10. Development of
new thermal areas
and/or reactivation of
old ones; appearance.
 AM I READY?

 Direction:
Watch the video on Disaster
Preparedness Project DINA : Volcanic
Eruption and make your disaster
preparedness plan by filling in the
appropriate Information/data below.
 What I Can Do

 What should we do
during volcanic
eruption?
  STAY AWAY FROM DANGER ZONES.
1. When notified, immediately evacuate to
safer grounds.
2. Assist in evacuating children, pregnant
woman, PWD’s and older people.
3. Cover your mouth with wet cloth and wear
protective goggles.
4. Keep your pet in their shelter or inside to
avoid them from inhaling ash.
5. Stay away from rivers streams for possible
lahar flow.
 What I Can Do

 What should we do
after volcanic
eruption?
 REMAIN ALERT AND BE CAUTIOUS

1. Leave the evacuation area only

when authorities say it is safe.
2. Wear mask when cleaning.

3. Scrape the accumulated ash in

roofs to prevent from collapsing.
4. Shake loose ash from plants before
watering.
 EVALUATION
DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of
the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call the
molten rocks in the
Earth’s interior?
A. lava
B. magma
C. rocks
D. water
2. Which of the
following is NOT a
negative effect of
volcanic eruption?
A. climate change
B. lahar flow
C. landslide
3. Which of following should you do
during volcanic eruption?
A. Assist in evacuating children.
B. Cover mouth with wet cloth.
C. Stay away from river for
possible lahar flow.
D. All of the above
4. The molten material
that reaches the
Earth’s surface is called
_______.
A. ash
B. gas
C. lava
5. What causes a
volcano to erupt?
A. too much heat
B. too much pressure
C. both a and b
D. cannot be
determined
 Additional Activities
 Collage making on the effect of
volcanic eruptions
Performance Task
You are a volcanologist from Bicol. On your way back to your hometown, you saw the destruction brought about
by the eruption of Mayon Volcano. You decided to invite your colleagues to come with you on your next visit
with a mission, that is, to create awareness campaign through poster among your town mates about volcanic
hazards – before, during, and after a volcanic eruption. Decide on how you will accomplish your mission.