Real-Time Object

Detection Using Computer

Vision
This presentation explores the fascinating world of real-time object
detection, uncovering the technologies that power this innovative
field.
What is Real-Time Object Detection and Why
Does it Matter?
Understanding the Basics Why it's Important

Real-time object detection is a technology that allows This technology has the potential to revolutionize many
computers to identify objects in images or videos in industries, from AI to security to healthcare.
real-time.
Introduction

This project focuses on real-time object detection

using computer vision techniques. It leverages
OpenCV, MediaPipe, and deep learning-based
tracking to detect and track various objects,
including hands, faces, and other items. The
system processes live video input, identifies objects
based on predefined criteria.
Abstract

Object detection plays a vital role in various

applications, including gesture recognition, security
surveillance, and interactive gaming. This project
implements a real-time object detection system that
utilizes OpenCV for image processing and MediaPipe
for advanced tracking. The system is designed to
identify and analyze object movements efficiently.
Scope
The project aims to provide an interactive and responsive
object detection solution. The scope includes.

Feature Extraction
Real-Time object detection using webcam input.

Default Boxes
Hand-Tracking and interaction-based distance estimatio

Classification and Regression

Application in games and user-interactive environme
 Purpose

Optimised for Efficiency

Utilizes lightweight, CPU-friendly
2
tracking with OpenCV and
Real-time Object Interaction MediaPipe for seamless

Enables dynamic object detection

1 performance.

and virtual interaction using

computer vision. Broad Application Scope
Supports use cases in gaming,
3 automation gesture-based UI, and
interactive systems.
Objective

Real-Time Detection Interactive Manipulation

Implement efficient object Enables users to highlight

trcking using OpenCV and and interact with detected

MediaPipe. objects.

Optimized Processing
Ensure lightweight and smooth performance without deep
learning models.
Tools & Technology

OpenCV
OpenCV is used for image processing and real-time
video handling.

MediaPipe
MediaPipe provides efficient object detection and
tracking capabilities.

Python
Python serves as the core programming language for
implementation and logic.
Modules

1 Camera Module 4 Distance Estimation Module

Handles real-time video capture using Uses polynomial regression to approximate
OpenCV, ensuring a smooth feed for object the distance of detected objects based on
detection. their sizes.

2 Detection Module 5 Visualization Module

Utilizes MediaPipe to identify and track Integrates OpenCV to overlay visual
hands, faces, or other supported objects in elements such as dots or bounding boxes
the video stream. on detected objects.

3 Interaction Module 6 Processing & Optimization Module

Implements logic for highlighting detected Ensures efficient computation by optimizing
objects and enabling user interaction frame processing and minimizing latency.
through visual markers
Problem Statements

Limited Real-Time Interaction Lack of Lightweight Tracking Solutions

Existing object detection modules focus on Many object detection systems prioritize accuracy but
classification rather than enabling real-time user lack efficient tracking mechanisms that run smoothly
interaction with detected objects. on CPUs without GPUs.

High Computational Cost Restricted Object Categories

Deep learning-based detection methods like YOLO and Traditional models require extensive training datasets
Faster R-CNN require significant processing power, and struggle with detecting dynamic objects like hands
making them less sutiable for real-time applications on and faces efficiently.
low-end devices.
 2️⃣ Preprocessing 3️⃣ Object Detection
Enhances image Uses MediaPipe to detect
quality using OpenCV
1
1️⃣ Camera input techniques.
hands, faces, and objects.

Captures real-time
video for processing.

7️⃣ User interaction

Allows gesture-based control
for gaming, automation, and
UI navigation.

4️⃣ Interaction Mechanism

Highlights detected objects and enables
virtual interaction.

5️⃣ Distance Estimation

Predicts object depth using polynomial regression.

6️⃣ Decesion Making

Determines actions based on object tracking and gestures.
Object Detection & Interaction System – Process Flow

11️⃣ Start
•The system initializes and gets ready to capture a video frame.
2 Capture Video Frame
2️⃣
•The camera captures a live video frame for further processing.
3 Preprocess Image
3️⃣
•The captured frame undergoes preprocessing to improve detection accuracy.
4 Grayscale Conversion
4️⃣
•Converts the image into grayscale to reduce complexity and improve processing
speed.
5️⃣ Resizing
•The image is resized to a fixed dimension for uniform processing.
6 Normalization
6️⃣
•The pixel values are normalized to standardize the data and improve the model’s
performance.
7 Object Detection using CNN + OpenCV & MediaPipe
7️⃣
•A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) along with OpenCV and MediaPipe detects
objects in the processed image.
•If objects are detected, proceed to distance calculation.
•If no objects are detected, repeat the process until the user stops.
8 Distance Calculation
8️⃣
•Estimates the distance of the detected object from the camera.
9 Object Interaction Handling
9️⃣
•Determines whether the detected object requires interaction.
🔟 Update On-Screen Feedback & Score
•If interaction is required, updates feedback and score based on the object’s status.
🔁 Repeat Process Until User Stops
Use Case Diagram

A Use Case Diagram is a visual representation of how users

(actors) interact with a system. It is a part of Unified Modeling
Language (UML) and is used in software engineering to define
system functionalities from a user's perspective.
Workflow Steps:

1.Start – The system begins execution.

2.Upload Image – The user provides an image for
classification.
3.Preprocessing Image
1.Grayscale Conversion (if necessary)
2.Resizing to match CNN input size
3.Normalization for better model performance
4.Feature Extraction using ResNet101 – The CNN
extracts relevant image features.
5.Prediction Using CNN Model – The model classifies
the image and assigns a label.
6.Post-Processing of Results
1.Display top predictions
2.Show confidence scores
7.User Feedback (Optional) – The user can verify or
correct the prediction.
8.End – The process completes.
Sequence of Events:

1.User uploads an image → System

receives input.
2.System preprocesses the image:
1.Converts to grayscale (if needed).
2.Resizes to match CNN input
dimensions.
3.Normalizes pixel values.
3.System extracts features using
ResNet101 CNN.
4.CNN model predicts the class of
the image.
5.System processes and displays
the prediction with confidence
scores.
6.User receives the result and can
provide feedback (optional).
7.Process ends or repeats for a new
Introduction to Class
Diagram
A Class Diagram is a type of UML diagram that
represents the static structure of a system. It
defines the classes, attributes, methods,
and relationships between different
components. This diagram serves as the
blueprint for system design, helping in
organizing code and ensuring a well-structured
architecture.
Each class represents an object with specific
properties (attributes) and behaviors
(methods). The relationships between classes,
such as association, inheritance, and
dependency, define how they interact.
By visualizing the system in a class diagram, it
becomes easier to understand, develop, and
maintain complex software applications. It also
ensures modularity, scalability, and
reusability of components, making the
development process more efficient.
Introduction to DFD
(Data Flow Diagram)

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a

graphical representation that
illustrates how data flows within a
system. It helps in understanding the
input, processing, storage, and
output of data in a structured
manner.
DFDs consist of processes, data
stores, external entities, and data
flows, showing how information
moves through the system. They are
typically divided into levels:
•Level 0 (Context Diagram):
Provides a high-level view of the
system.
•Level 1 and beyond: Break down
Applications in Action: From AI to Automation

AI and Robotics Autonomous Vehicles

Real-time object detection is vital for enabling robots to Self-driving cars use object detection to perceive their
navigate and interact with their environment. surroundings and make safe driving decisions.

Virtual Try-on Systems Sign Language Recognition

Enables users to viaualize accessories or wearables Assists in translating hand gestures into text for
using real-time object tracking. accessibility solutions.
Enhancing Security with
Real-Time Object
Detection
1 Facial Recognition
Object detection can be used to identify individuals
in real-time, improving security and access control.

2 Anomaly Detection
It helps identify suspicious behavior or activities in
real-time, enabling faster response and intervention.
Transforming Healthcare
Through Visual Insights

Early Disease Detection: Object Medical Imaging Analysis: It can

detection can assist in early analyze medical images,
disease diagnosis, improving providing insights for more
treatment outcomes. accurate diagnoses.
The Future of Object Detection:
Trends and Opportunities

1 2
Real-Time 3D Object Detection Edge Computing
Processing power shifts to the edge,
Emerging technologies enable enabling real-time analysis even with
accurate detection in 3D space, limited connectivity.
improving accuracy and depth
perception.

3
Enhanced Accuracy
Continuous advancements in machine
learning algorithms lead to more
precise and reliable detection.