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Chapter 1 Introduction To Machine Vision Systems

Machine vision (MV) is a technology that enables automatic inspection and analysis using imaging methods, with applications in various fields such as law enforcement, medical imaging, and industrial inspection. Key components of MV systems include image acquisition, processing, and classification, which help in extracting useful information from images. The advantages of MV systems include improved quality control, efficient use of resources, and enhanced real-time monitoring.

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212 views22 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction To Machine Vision Systems

Machine vision (MV) is a technology that enables automatic inspection and analysis using imaging methods, with applications in various fields such as law enforcement, medical imaging, and industrial inspection. Key components of MV systems include image acquisition, processing, and classification, which help in extracting useful information from images. The advantages of MV systems include improved quality control, efficient use of resources, and enhanced real-time monitoring.

Uploaded by

sathish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE
VISION

Machine vision (MV) is the technology and methods used to


provide imaging-based automatic inspection and analysis for
such applications as automatic inspection, process control,
and robot guidance in industry. “The scope of MV is broad”.

1
INTRODUCTION

 A machine vision system recovers useful information


about a scene from its 2-dimensional projections.

 The goal of machine vision is to create a model of the


real world from images.

2
FIELDS THAT DEAL WITH IMAGES
 Image
Images are two-dimensional projections of the three-dimensional
world.
 Image Processing
Enhancement or manipulation of the image – the result of which is
usually another image.
 Computer Vision
Analysis and understanding of image content.
 Video Processing
Similar with image processing, but processing of multiple
images/frames. Combined with computer vision, end result is
normally extracted information.

3
3 PRINCIPAL USES FOR IMAGE PROCESSING

 Improvement of pictorial information for human


interpretation

 Compression of image data for storage and transmission

 Processing of image data for autonomous machine


perception to enable object representation, detection,
classification and tracking

4
FUNDAMENTAL STEPS & COMPONENTS OF
MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS
• The first stage of any vision system is the image
acquisition stage.
Image • The action of retrieving an image from some source,
acquisition usually a hardware-based source for processing.
• To create a digital image, it requires 2 process:
Image sampling and quantization.
• Improves image for human and computer
consumption, highlight / extract relevant feature
• Remove noises, deblurred etc
Image • Color Conversion
processing • Segmentation and representations
• Extract features such a edge, regions, surfaces
etc.
• Measurement analysis - measure features on the
object

• Image classification refers to the labelling of


Classification images into one of a number of predefined
categories
5
 Example: Face Recognition Workflow

6
 Example: Face Recognition Workflow

1 9/
25 7
0 3/
 Machine vision system is a sensor used in the robots for viewing
and recognizing an object with the help of a computer.
 It is mostly used in the industrial robots for inspection purposes.

8
APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS

 Law enforcement
 Medical imaging
 Remote sensing
 Satellite image processing
 Industrial inspection
 Robot control
 And so other many applications

9
LAW ENFORCEMENT
How to extract features that can be used to differentiate among
different images?

10
LAW ENFORCEMENT
 Example: Face Recognition System

11
LAW ENFORCEMENT
 Example: Automated license plate recognition

12
MEDICAL IMAGING
 Comprises different imaging
modalities and processes of
image human body for diagnostic
and treatment purposes.
 Allowing doctors to find disease
earlier and improve patient
outcomes.
 How to process/ analyze the
image to help diagnosis or
treatment?
 Types of image modalities:
– Ultra Sound (US)
– Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI)
– Computer Tomography (CT)
– X-Rays
13
14
REMOTE SENSING

 The use of satellite- or aircraft-


based sensor technologies to
detect and classify objects on
Earth
 Example: Weather observation
and prediction
– Multispectral image of Hurricane
Andrew from satellites using
sensors in the visible and infrared
bands

New York (from Landast-5 TM)

15
REMOTE SENSING
 Example: Palm Mapping Using Drones

16
SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING

Infrared image of hurricane Irma


17
INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION

Vision sensor detects torn


label

Monitor bottle overfill and


underfill

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INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION

Inspecting date/code and


label quality

19
ROBOT CONTROL

 Unmanned operations -
autonomous vehicle driving
 How to detect and track target?
 How to avoid obstacles?

Mars Rover: An example of an


unmanned land-based vehicle. Notice
the stereo cameras mounted on top of
the Rover.

20
OTHERS

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ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS

 Cutting out defective goods

 Making better use of raw materials

 Cutting the cost of quality control

 Enabling real-time process monitoring

 Improving employment conditions

22

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