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Sts Chapter I

The document discusses the concept of science, defining it through four perspectives: as an idea, an intellectual activity, a body of knowledge, and a personal and social activity. It highlights the Scientific Revolution as a transformative period that reshaped societal views on nature, driven by key figures like Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud, who contributed revolutionary ideas in astronomy, evolution, and psychology respectively. The text emphasizes the interplay of creativity, curiosity, and critical thinking in the development of scientific ideas and technology.

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7 views16 pages

Sts Chapter I

The document discusses the concept of science, defining it through four perspectives: as an idea, an intellectual activity, a body of knowledge, and a personal and social activity. It highlights the Scientific Revolution as a transformative period that reshaped societal views on nature, driven by key figures like Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud, who contributed revolutionary ideas in astronomy, evolution, and psychology respectively. The text emphasizes the interplay of creativity, curiosity, and critical thinking in the development of scientific ideas and technology.

Uploaded by

gwenvaldez473
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER I

GENERAL CONCEPTS
AND HISTORICAL
EVENTS IN SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

 Science is as old as the world itself.

Science is defined with a four


perspectives:
1. Science as an idea. It includes
ideas, theories, and all available
systematic explanations and
observations about the natural and
physical world.
2. Science as an intellectual
activity. It encompasses a systematic
and practical study of the natural and
physical world. This process of study
involves systematic observation and
experimentation.
3. Science as a body of
knowledge. It is a subjector or a
discipline, a field of study , or a body
of knowledge that deals with the
process of learning about the natural
and physical world. This is what we
refer to as school science.
4. Science as a personal and
social activity. This explains that
science is both knowledge and
activities done by human beings to
develop better understanding of the
world around them. It is a means to
improve life and to survive in life. It is
interwoven with people’s life.
Scientific Revolution was the period
of enlightenment when the
developments in the field of
mathematics, physics , astronomy,
biology, and chemistry transformed
the views of society about the nature.
It explained the emergence or birth of
modern science as a result of these
developments from the discipline
mentioned.
Influences to Scientific
Revolution

Science
Ideas

Scientific
Revolutions

Huma Societ
ns y
Variables that the Influence the
Development of Science Ideas, Science
Discoveries and Technology

CREATIVITY

SCIENTIST SCIENCE
S IDEAS

SCIENCE
Passion to
CURIOSITY DISCOVERIE
know S

Passion to TECHNOLOG
Discover Y
CRITICAL
THINKING
Some Intellectuals and
their Revolutionary
Ideas
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

One of the Renaissance men,


particularly in the field of science, is
Nicolaus Copernicus.
 In one important way, Copernicus
resembled the Greek ancient
philosopher or thinkers – he did not
do anything extensive such as
observing heavenly bodies or
inviting people to test his ideas.
 His ideas were an example of whatis
presently called as a thought experiment.
By the time he finished his doctorate
degree, Copernicus had been appointed as
canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland.
 Despite his duty as a canon, he had plenty
of time to sustain his interest in astronomy.
Copernicus was strongly influenced by a
book entitled Epitome published in 1496 by
a German author, Johannes Mueller.
 He circulated a summary of his ideas
to his ideas to his few close friends in
a manuscript called Commentariolus
(Little Commentary).
 De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
(On the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres) the start of scientific
revolution.
 Copernicus placed the Sun as the
center of the universe. (Heliocentric)
 Copernicus outlined two kinds of
planetary motion:
1. The orbits of the Venus and Mercury
lay inside the orbit of the
Earth ,thus closer to the sun.
2. The orbit of Mars, Saturn, and lay
outside the Earth’s orbit, thus
farther from the sun.
CHARLES DARWIN

 He is famous for his theory of


evolution.
 He published his book The Origin of
Species in 1589.
 His book The Descent of Man was so
impressive yet so controversial. He
introduced all organic life, including
human beings, under the realm of
evolutionary thinking.
SIGMUND FREUD
 He is a famous figure in the field of
Psychology.
 Freud also made a significant
contribution in the scientific world
through the development of an important
observational method to gather reliable
data to study human’s inner life.
 This method is called psychoanalysis
which means a scientific way to study the
human mind and neurotic illness.

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