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The document outlines an introductory course on Database Systems, detailing the instructor's information, course objectives, and motivations for studying databases. It emphasizes the importance of databases in various software applications and provides an overview of grading policies, literature, and core concepts. Additionally, it discusses the definition of databases, their advantages over file processing systems, and the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS).

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salmanzaibi15
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20 views30 pages

DB - 1

The document outlines an introductory course on Database Systems, detailing the instructor's information, course objectives, and motivations for studying databases. It emphasizes the importance of databases in various software applications and provides an overview of grading policies, literature, and core concepts. Additionally, it discusses the definition of databases, their advantages over file processing systems, and the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS).

Uploaded by

salmanzaibi15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Introduction Fall2014

to Database
Systems

Salman Ahmed
MS(Computer Science)

Faculty of Computing,
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
University, Lecture - 1
Islamabad.
1
 Instructor Information
 Course Motivations
 Course Objective
Lecture  Literature
Outline  Grading Policy
 What is Database?
 File Processing Systems
VS
 Database Systems.
 Office:
122 (A Block, First Floor)

 Phone Ext.: 137

Instructor  Email:
Information [email protected]

 Office Hours:
Monday – 2:30 to 05:00
Wednesday – 8:00 to 11
 Databases are used in building
many software systems like
 banking systems,
 video games,
 or dynamic websites

Course  Databases are so important that


Motivation computer science graduates
frequently refer to their database
class as the one most useful to
them in their other courses and
careers.
 After the completion of this
course
 The students will be quite
familiar with the importance of
Course databases
 Core concepts
Objective
 Database design and
 Moderate level of expertise in
SQL.
 The primary text book for the
course is
 “Database Systems, A practical
approach to design, implementation
and management”
Literature  Fourth Edition
 Thomas Connolly, Carolyn Begg,
Addison Wesley
Mid Term Exam 20%
Quizzes (Class + 15%
Lab)

Grading Assignments 10%


Policy Semester 10%
Project (Class +
Lab)

Class 5%
Participation
(Lab Attendance)
Final Exam 40%
What is
Database?
Chapter – 1 (Introduction to
database)

8
 A database is a shared collection
of logically related data that is
Definition stored to meet the requirements
of different users of an
organization
Registrati
on

Attendan
ce

The Concept of

Database
Shared Exam
Organizational
Database
Accounts

Admissio
n

University Management System


 A collection of application
programs that perform services
for the system end-users such as
the production of reports. Each
A brief program defines and manages its
History own data.

File Based
Systems
Registrati

Data Files Data Files


on

Attendan
ce

File Based

Data Files Data Files


Exam
Systems
Accounts

Data Files
Admissio
n

University Management System


Account Exam Registration
Reg_Number Reg_Number Reg_Number
Name Name Name
Father Name Address Father Name
Fee Class Phone
File Based Fine Semester Address
Systems Address Grade Class

Limitations  Separation and isolation of data (more


than two files)
 Duplication of data
 Data dependence (Applications)
 Incompatible file formats
(Programming Lang.)
 Fixed queries of application programs
Registrati
on

Attendan
Database ce

Approach

Database
Exam DBMS

Advantages Accounts

Admissio
n

University Management System


 Data sharing
Database  Reduced Redundancy (Duplication)
Advantages  Data independent (Self description of data)
 Data Integrity (Correctness)
DBMS  A software system that enables
users to define, create, maintain,
Database and control access to the
Management database.
System
 A computer program that
Application interacts with the database by
issuing an appropriate request
Program (typically an SQL statement) to
the DBMS.
Views
 A software system that enables users to
Database define, create, maintain, and control
Management access to the database.
System
 The DBMS is the software that interacts
DBMS with the users application programs and
the database.
 DBMS allows users to define the
database, usually through a Data
Definition Language (DDL) which
specify the data types, structures and
the constraints on the data to be
DBMS stored in the database.
Services  Example:
 Student Name should be of type char
of length 100.
 GPA value must be greater than 2.0 to
pass the semester
 DBMS allows users to insert, update, delete,
and retrieve data from the database, usually
through a Data Manipulation
Language(DML).
 Structured Query Language (SQL,
pronounced ‘S-Q-L’, or sometimes ‘See-Quel’)

DBMS standard for Relational DBMS.


 Give the student names whose CGPA is
Services greater than 3.0 (Select)
 Insert new Student information like Name,
Age, Father Name, Program, etc (Insert)
 Delete the record of student having Reg#
BC123456 (Delete)
 Update the Address of Student whose
mobile number was 033312345678 (Update)
 DBMS provides controlled
access to the database

DBMS 
A security system
An integrity system
Services  A concurrency control system
 A recovery control system
 A user-accessible catalog
 Allows each user to have his or
her own view of the database.
View  A view is essentially some subset
of the database.
 Provide a level of security

 Provide a mechanism to
customize the appearance of the
View database
Benefit
 Present a consistent, unchanging
picture of the structure of the
database, even if the underlying
database is changed
 Hardware
 Software
 Data
Used by the organization and a description of
DBMS this data called the schema.
Components  Procedures
Instructions and rules that should be
applied to the design and use of the
database and DBMS.
 People
 Data Administrator (DA)
The Data Administrator is responsible for defining data
elements, data names and their relationship.
 Database Administrator (DBA)
Roles in The basic role of a Database Administrator is to store
and manage the information in the database.
Database The different functionalities of a database administrator
Environment are maintaining database system software, developing
physical database structures and data dictionary.
 Database Designers (Logical and Physical)
 Application Programmers
 End Users
 Control of data redundancy
 Data consistency
 More information from the same amount of
data
Advantages  Sharing of data
of  Improved data integrity

DBMS  Improved security


 Improved maintenance through data
independence
 Improved backup and recovery services
 Complexity
 Size

Disadvantages  Cost of DBMS


 Additional hardware costs
of
 Cost of conversion

DBMS  Performance
 Higher impact of a failure
 First-generation
 Hierarchical and Network

 Second generation
History  Relational

 Third generation
 Object-Relational
 Object-Oriented
Thank You

30

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