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Lecture 8

The document covers various types of operating systems, including standalone, network, and embedded systems, detailing examples like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. It also discusses utility software, its functions, and specific utilities like file managers, disk cleanup, and defragmentation tools. Additionally, it highlights mobile operating systems such as iOS, Android, and BlackBerry OS, along with their features and applications in devices.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views52 pages

Lecture 8

The document covers various types of operating systems, including standalone, network, and embedded systems, detailing examples like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. It also discusses utility software, its functions, and specific utilities like file managers, disk cleanup, and defragmentation tools. Additionally, it highlights mobile operating systems such as iOS, Android, and BlackBerry OS, along with their features and applications in devices.

Uploaded by

bismaishtiaq1075
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computing/Skills
Development

Lecture 8

1
Last Lecture Summary I
 Operating System Evolution
 Types of Operating Systems
 Stand alone Operating Systems
 DOS
 Windows NT
 Windows 9x (Windows 95, 98 ME)
 Windows 2000
 Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7
 Mac OS X
 Unix
 Linux
2
Last Lecture Summary II
 Network Operating Systems
 Features
 Windows NT Server
 Windows 2000 Server
 Windows 2003 Server
 Windows 2008 Server
 Unix for Servers
 Linux for Servers

3
Embedded Operating
 Systems
built into the circuitry of an electronic device
 unlike a PC's operating system, which resides on a
magnetic disk
 Stable and fast
 Found in wide variety of devices
 Appliances
 Automobiles
 Bar-code scanners
 Cell phones,
 Medical equipment and
 Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs
4
Embedded Operating
Systems
An embedded operating system resides on
a ROM chip on a mobile device or
consumer electronic device

Windows Windows
Palm OS iPhone OS
Embedded CE Mobile

Google Embedded
BlackBerry Symbian OS
Android Linux

5
Windows CE
 Windows OS designed for use on communications,
entertainment, and computing devices with limited
functionality
 Although a small OS, it supports wireless communications,
multimedia and Web browsing
 Windows CE is a GUI that supports color, sound, multitasking,
multimedia, e-mail, Internet access, and Web browsing
 A built-in file viewer allows users to view files created in
popular programs such as Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
 Devices equipped with Windows CE can communicate
wirelessly with computers and other devices using Bluetooth
or other wireless technologies,
 as long as the device is equipped with the necessary
communications hardware
6
Windows CE
 Allows for the use of smaller versions of
Microsoft Word, Excel, Internet Explorer and
Outlook.
 Examples of devices that use Windows CE
include
 VoIP telephones, industrial control devices
 digital cameras
 automated teller machines, digital photo frames
 fuel pumps, security robots, handheld navigation
devices
 portable media players, ticket machines, and
 computerized sewing machines. 7
Windows CE
 Also provided as a kit to
manufacturers
 Customized for each device
 Not based on a desktop
OS This sewing machine uses
Windows Embedded CE to assist
with stitching quilts, garments,
crafts, decorations, and embroidery

8
Windows Mobile
 based on Windows Embedded CE,
includes functionality, programs, and a
user interface designed for specific
types of smart phones and PDAs
 Devices with a touch screen use
 Windows Mobile Professional, and
 Devices without touch screens use Smart phone
with Windows
 Windows Mobile Standard Mobile OS
 Allows for the use of smaller versions
of Microsoft Word, Excel, Internet
Explorer and Outlook
9
Windows Mobile
 Users have access to all the basic PIM (personal
information manager) functions such as
 contact lists, schedules, tasks, calendars, and notes
 Information on the mobile device easily synchronizes with a
personal computer or prints on a printer using a cable or a
wireless technology.
 Additional features that allow users to
 check e-mail, browse the Web, listen to music,
 take pictures or record video, watch a video,
 send and receive text messages and instant messages
 record a voice message, manage finances, view a map
 read an e-book, or play a game.
 Some devices also support handwriting and voice input.
10
Palm OS
 Proprietary mobile OS
 First PDA OS for consumers
 Can be found on smart phones
 Designed for ease of use with a
touch screen-based GUI
 provided with a suite of basic
applications for Personal
Information Management (PIM)

11
Palm OS Features
 Simple, single-tasking environment to allow launching of
full screen applications with a basic, common GUI set
 Monochrome or color screens with resolutions up to
480x320 pixel
 Handwriting recognition input system called Graffiti 2
 Sound playback and record capabilities
 Simple security model: Device can be locked by password,
arbitrary application records can be made private
 TCP/IP network access
 Serial port/USB, infrared, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections
 Expansion memory card support

12
iPhone OS (iOS)
 Developed by Apple, is an OS for the
iPhone, iPad, Apple TV and iPod
Touch
 These devices are multi-touch,
meaning they recognize multiple
points of contact
 Interface control elements consist of
sliders, switches, and buttons.
iPhone OS
 provides Wi-Fi access to the iTunes runs on Apple
iPhone
Music Store
13
iOS
 User interface of iOS is based on the concept
of direct manipulation, using multi-touch
gestures
 enables users to interact with iPhone OS
devices using finger motions such as
 tapping a button on the screen,
 sliding your finger to drag an object, and
 pinching or unpinching your fingers to zoom in or
out
 response to user input is immediate and
provides a fluid interface
14
BlackBerry OS
 Proprietary OS for BlackBerry line of
smartphone handheld devices
 provide PIM capabilities such as
managing schedules, contacts, and
appointments
 provides multitasking and supports
specialized input particularly the
trackwheel, trackball, trackpad and
Smart phone using
touchscreen Blackberry OS

15
BlackBerry OS
 Many BlackBerry devices include a mini
keyboard;
 Some have touch screens
 provide wireless functionality that includes
 sending e-mail messages, text messages, and instant
messages; connecting to the Internet and browsing
the Web; and accessing Bluetooth devices
 Information on the device easily synchronizes
wirelessly with a computer or other BlackBerry
device
 Some devices allow users to take pictures, play
music, and access maps and directions 16
Google Andriod
 Open source, Linux-based OS
designed by Google for mobile devices
such as smart phones and Tablet PCs
 Allows programmers to design
programs specifically for devices
supporting this OS
 Contains features such as
 access to e-mail accounts
 an alarm clock, video capture
 access to Google Apps, Wi-Fi access
 easy Web browsing
 Used on more than 20 different types
of mobile devices
17
Google Andriod
 consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel,
with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C
and application software running on an
application framework which includes Java-
compatible libraries
 SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is
used for data storage purposes
 native support for multi-touch
 supports multiple languages

18
Embedded Linux
 Linux OS system designed for
smart phones, PDAs, portable
media players and Internet
telephones
 Provide calendar and address
book and other PIM functions
 Support for touch screens and
handwriting recognition
 Devices synchronize with Pc with
a variety of technologies including Smart phone using
Embedded Linux
Bluetooth
19
Symbian OS
 Open-source, multitasking
operating system designed for
smart phones
 Provide support for Touch
screens, Voice, Games,
multimedia functions and Internet
connectivity
 Full color display
 Make telephone calls, save
appointments, browse Web, send
and receive e-mail and faxes etc.
20
Symbian OS
 Created with three systems design principles in
mind:
 integrity and security of user data is paramount
 user time must not be wasted
 all resources are scarce
 allows users to communicate wirelessly
 Currently 48 languages are supported

21
Utilities Software
 System software designed to help analyze,
configure, optimize or maintain a computer
 A single piece of utility software is usually called
a utility or tool
 Utility software usually focuses on how the
computer infrastructure operates including
 computer hardware
 operating system
 application software and
 data storage
 Utilities enhances or extends OS capabilities
 Some offer features not included with OS 22
Utility Program
 A type of system software that allows a user to
perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to
managing a computer, its devices, or its programs

23
Utility Software
 As an OS is improved and updated, the
functionality of popular utilities is included with
subsequent releases of the OS
 Most OS include several built-in utility software
 Users often buy stand-alone utilities because
they offer improvements over those included
with the OS
 Thousands of different utility software and many
of them are available on Internet
 Some are free and some are priced from very
inexpensive to hundreds of dollars
24
Functions Provided by Utility
Software
Managing files Securing a computer from

 Searching for files unauthorized access


 Viewing images  Setting up screen savers
 Uninstalling programs  Protecting against viruses
 Cleaning up Disks  Removing spyware and
 Defragmenting Disks adware
 Backing up files and disks
 Filtering Internet content
 Disk Compression
 Compressing files
 Disk Partitions
 Playing media files
 Disk space analyzers
 Burning optical discs and
 Cryptographic
 Maintaining a PC
 Network utilities
 Registry cleaners

25
File Manager
 A utility that performs functions related to file
management
 Displaying a list of files
 Organizing files in folders
 Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting
files and folders
 folder is a specific named location on a storage medium
that contains related documents
 Creating shortcuts
 shortcut is an icon on the desktop or in a folder that
provides a user with immediate access to a program or file
 OS typically include a file manager
26
Windows Explorer
 displays links to files and folders, as well as
previews of folder contents and certain types of files
 Long file names
 Folders can be created and nested
 All storage devices work consistently

thumbnail
27
Search Utility
 a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer
based on criteria you specifies
 can look through documents, photos, music, and other files on
your computer and/or on the Internet, combining search
results in a single location
 criteria could be a word or words contained in a file, date the
file was created or modified, size of the file, location of the file,
file name, author/ artist, and other similar properties

28
Image Viewer / Image
 Browser
a utility that allows users to
display, copy, and print the
contents of a graphics file,
such as a photo
 users can see images without
having to open them in a paint
or image editing program
 Most OS has an image viewer Windows Photo Viewer
allows user to see the
 Windows Photo Viewer, which contents of a photo file
also allows you to print and e-
mail photos
29
Image Viewer
 it can often handle various graphics file formats.
 Such software usually renders the image
according to properties of the display such as
color depth, display resolution, and color profile
 Typical features of image viewers are:
 basic viewing operations such as zooming and
rotation
 fullscreen display, Slideshow, thumbnail display
 Printing, screen capture
 Common Image viewer include
 Windows Picture Viewer, ACDSee, IrfanView, XnView,
MediaPro1, Eye of GNOME, Gwenview 30
Uninstaller
 A utility that removes a program, as well as any
associated entries in the system files
 When a program is installed, OS records the information
it uses to run the software in the system files
 Uninstaller deletes files and folders from the hard disk, as
well as removes program entries from the system files
 OS usually provide an uninstaller

Removes a In Windows XP,


program and uninstaller is in Add/Remove
all associated files Programs in Control Panel
31
Disk Cleanup
 A disk cleanup utility
searches for and removes
unnecessary files
 Downloaded program files
 Temporary Internet files
 Unused program files
 Delete temp files
 Uninstall unused programs
 Delete obsolete data files
 OS such as Windows,
include a disk cleanup utility
32
Scan a disk for Errors
 Bad spots on the media
 Find and fix the error
 Move data to a good spot
 Mark the spot as bad
 Scanning a disk can be a time-consuming
process, but if the disk has errors, scanning
may be able to fix problems and improve
performance
 Several (but not all) versions of Windows have
a built-in disk-scanning utility
 Disks should be scanned monthly
33
Checking Disk Errors
 To do a complete scan
of the disk and correct
any errors that are
found
 Place a checkmark in
the ‘Scan for and
attempt recovery of
bad sectors’ check
box, and
 then click the Start
button.
34
Disk Defragmenter
 reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard
disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly
and programs run faster
 A fragmented disk has many files stored in noncontiguous
sectors. Defragmenting reorganizes the files so that they are
located in contiguous sectors, which speeds access time

35
Disk Defragmentation
 Which combines all files so that no files are stored in a
noncontiguous manner
 The defragmentation process can consume more than
one hour in some cases.
 You can cancel the operation at any time by clicking the
Stop operation button in the Disk Defragmenter window

36
Disk Defragmenter

37
File Compression
 Shrinks the size of a file
 Takes up less space on disk
 Will increase disk capacity
 Compressing files frees up space on the storage
media and improves system performance
 Uploading and downloading compressed files to and
from the Internet reduces the file transmission time
 Compressed files, sometimes called zipped files,
usually have a .zip extension
 Lossy and Lossless compression
 PKZip, WinZip and WinRAR
38
File Compression

763 KB
on disk

Compressed
157 KB

39
Backup and Restore Utility
 A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium
such as another hard disk, optical disc, USB flash drive, or tape
 During the back up process, the utility monitors progress and alerts
you if it needs additional media, such as another disc
 Most compress files during backup to require less storage space
 By compressing the files, the
backup program requires less
storage space for the backup
files than for the original files.
 Because they are
compressed, you usually
cannot use backup files in
their backed up form

40
Backup and Restore Utility
 A restore utility reverses the process and returns
backed up files to their original form
 Backup utilities work with a restore utility
 Most backup and restore utilities include a scheduler,
which instructs the computer to perform a backup
automatically on a regularly scheduled basis.
 OS, such as Windows, include
a backup and restore utility
 When you purchase an
external hard disk, it also
usually includes a backup and
restore utility
41
Screen Saver
 A screen saver causes a
display device’s screen to
show a moving image or
blank screen if no activity
occurs for a specified
time
 To secure computer, user
configures screen saver
to require password to
deactivate

42
Firewall
 Crucial utility
 Detects and protects your
computer from unauthorized
intruders
 Makes computer invisible to
hackers
 Zone Alarm is a home firewall
 Cisco sells hardware firewalls
 Windows XP automatically
enables the built-in personal
firewall upon installation

43
Virus, Worm and Trojans
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer
program that affects a computer negatively

A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus


itself hides within or program
repeatedly in looks like a protects a
memory or legitimate computer
over a network program against viruses

44
Signs of Virus Infection

 Effective antivirus
products not only detect
and remove viruses; they
also help you recover
data that has been lost
because of a virus
45
Anti-Virus Software
 Crucial utility
 Identifies and removes viruses in memory,
storage media and incoming files
 Most antivirus programs also protect against
worms and Trojan horses
 Must be updated regularly
 Popular Antivirus Programs
 McAfee, Norton Anti-Virus, Microsoft Security
Essential, Kaspersky
 McAfee and Norton offer Web-based antivirus
programs
46
Spyware and Adware
Spyware is a program placed on
Adware displays an online
a computer without the user’s
advertisement in a banner or
knowledge that secretly collects
pop-up window
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects • An adware remover is a
and deletes spyware and other program that detects and
similar programs deletes adware

 Some OS and antivirus programs include spyware


and adware removers
 Popular stand-alone spyware and adware removers
include
 Ad-Aware, Spy Sweeper, Spybot – Search and Destroy,
and Windows Defender.
47
Disk Burning Software
 Disc burning software writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc, CD, DVD, Blu-Ray

48
PC Maintenance Utility
 A personal computer
maintenance utility identifies and
fixes operating system problems,
detects and repairs disk
problems, and includes the
capability of improving a
computer’s performance
 some utilities continuously
monitor a computer while you
use it to identify and repair
problems before they occur.
49
Summary
 Embedded Operating Systems
 Windows XP Embedded, Windows CE Embedded
CE, Windows Mobile
 Pocket PC
 Palm OS
 iPhone OS / iOS
 BlackBerry OS
 Google Andriod
 Embedded Linux
 Symbian OS

50
Summary
 Managing files  Intrusion detection
 Searching for files  Screen savers
 Viewing images  Antivirus
 Uninstalling  Maintaining a PC
programs
 Cleaning up Disks
 Defragmenting
Disks
 Backing up files and
disks
 Disk Compression 51
Recommended Websites
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_OS
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_OS
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_(Apple)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PC
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_software

52

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