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Basic Parts of A Personal or Desktop Computer

The document outlines the basic components of personal computers, focusing on the system unit and its key parts such as the motherboard, CPU, and primary storage. It explains the functions of the motherboard, including the BIOS and CMOS chips, as well as the role of the CPU in processing instructions. Additionally, it mentions various storage devices and connection interfaces like IDE and SATA.

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GENEVEV REYES
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5 views17 pages

Basic Parts of A Personal or Desktop Computer

The document outlines the basic components of personal computers, focusing on the system unit and its key parts such as the motherboard, CPU, and primary storage. It explains the functions of the motherboard, including the BIOS and CMOS chips, as well as the role of the CPU in processing instructions. Additionally, it mentions various storage devices and connection interfaces like IDE and SATA.

Uploaded by

GENEVEV REYES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic set of devices

found in most
Personal Computers
A. System Unit
The main part of a microcomputer,
sometimes called the chassis. It includes
the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses,
Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.
Motherboard / Mainboard /
System Board-
• The main circuit board of a computer.
• A motherboard is a circuit board inside
computers that stores electrical components
and helps them communicate.
• It distributes electricity and facilitates
communication between and to the central
processing unit (CPU), random access memory
(RAM), and any other component of the
computer’s hardware.
1. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board-
The main circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and components that
run the computer.
- It is the heart of the computer system.
a. The BIOS (Basic Input Output
System) This motherboard chip
contains a special program that
helps the computer processor
interact and control the other
components in the computer such
as disc drives, video cards, sound
cards, network cards, floppy drives,
USB ports, hard drives, and others.
Without the BIOS, the processor
would not know how to interact or
interface with the computer
components, and the computer
would not be able to function.
b. The CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor) is also a computer chip on
the motherboard, but more specifically, it is
a RAM chip. This is a type of memory chip
which stores information about the
computer components, as well as settings
for those components.
The CMOS setup lets you change the time
and date and
settings for how devices are loaded at start
up, like hard drives, disc drives, and floppy
drives.
The CMOS setup lets you enable and disable
various hardware devices, including USB
ports, the onboard video card and sound
card (if present), parallel and serial ports,
and other devices.
c. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
is an interconnection system between a
microprocessor and attached devices in
which expansion slots are spaced closely for
high speed operation.
d. Motherboard Chipset - It manages the data
flow between the processor, memory and
peripherals.
The chipset plays a crucial role in determining
system performance, since it controls
communications between the processor and
external devices.
3. CPU (Central
Processing Unit) – The
“brain” of a computer
system. It performs all
of the instructions and
calculations that are
needed and manages
the flow of information
through a computer.
4. Primary storage-
(internal storage, main
memory or memory) is
the computer's working
storage space that holds
data, instructions for
processing and processed
data (information) waiting
to be sent to secondary
storage. Physically,
primary storage is a
collection of RAM chips.
It gives electrical signals
to the different parts of a
computer system.
Optical Drive – A
device that reads
optical media or
storage (Compact
Disc(CD), Digital
Versatile Disc(DVD) ,
Blu-ray Disc (BD)
Other part of the computer

• IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) Cables


connect from the motherboard of a computer
to the hard drive, cd drive and/or floppy drive

• SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment


Computer Ports

Green
Blue

Pink

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