PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE

AND VALUES EDUCATION

EDUC 2173
Subject Description: This is a three-unit
course offered to all Education students,
that discusses the basic principles of
guidance and counseling as well as the
structures and organization of various
guidance services. It will likewise introduce
the tools used in gathering information
about the client, the basic counseling
techniques and strategies utilized in dealing
with everyday problems and mild
maladjustment specifically related to the
school setting.
I. Nature and Purpose of Guidance
a. The nature and meaning of guidance
b. Needs and purposes of Guidance
c. Areas of Guidance
d. Basic principles of guidance
e. Characteristics of a good guidance program

II. History and Development of Guidance

III. Areas of Concern
a. Elementary Guidance
b. Secondary Guidance
c. Kinds of Client and Problem
d. Role and Responsibility
e. Referrals, Resistance and Transference
IV. Guidance Services
a. Nature, scope, characteristics and purposes
b. Individual Inventory
c. Orientation/Information
d. Counseling Service
e. Placement
f. Follow - Up
g. Testing and Assessment
V. The Counselor as Facilitator of Change: Teacher as
Co-Facilitator
a. Professional Training and Personal Qualities
b. Role and skills required
c. Ethical responsibilities: Code of Ethics
VI. Basis of Counseling
a. Counseling Theory
b. Counseling techniques and approaches
b1 Trait factor centered
b2 Person-centered
b3 Rational Emotive Therapy
b4 Reality Therapy
b5 Behavior Modification
b6 Transactional analysis
b7 Eclectic Approach
VII. Group Dynamics

VIII. Values Education

PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE
AND VALUES EDUCATION

An Introduction
 INTRODUCTION

 We are social beings and, so in some way or

other we need help and guidance of others.

 Due to explosion of knowledge, industrialization

and changes in socio-economic set up the need
of professional guidance is felt in the present
day society.
Guidance covers the whole process of
education which starts from cradle to
grave.

The meaning of GUIDANCE:

• Literally GUIDANCE means ‘to direct’,

‘to point out’, ‘to show the path’. It is
the assistance or help rendered by a
more experienced person to a less
experiences person to solve certain
major problems of the individual (less
experienced) i.e. educational,
 Nature of Guidance
As a concept - Guidance is
concerned with the optimal
development of the individual.
As a process - guidance helps

the individual in self

understanding (understanding
one‘s strengths, limitations, and
other resources) and in self-
direction (ability to solve
problems, make choices and
decision on one‘s own).
 Related with Life- The process of guidance is
related to life. This guidance contributes formally or
informally to life because life experiences both
formal and informal occasions.
 Development of Capacities- During the process of

guidance the individual is assisted in such a way that

he makes himself enabled to develop his capacities
maximum from all angles.
 Helpful in Adjustment- Guidance helps the person

in his adjustment in different situations. This process

allows learning to adjust with different types of
problems.
 Helpful in Preparing for Future- The process of

guidance is helpful in preparing a person for his

future. Hence, a person can succeed in preparing
himself for future activities. In this way, guidance is a
well-wisher of an individual’s future.
GUIDANCE is an integral part of
education created to offer assistance
to individuals so that they would make
intelligent decisions and adjustments
in life.
– to help a person responsibly adjust to
situation as he/she progresses.
Furthermore, Guidance is to see
through oneself. By becoming familiar
with one’s interests and capabilities,
the person is led to learn more about
himself.
 The aim of education is to achieve the fullest
possible realization of possibilities inherent in the
individual. Education fosters all aspects of an
individual’s personality
 GUIDANCE should be regarded as an integral part

of education. It is meant for all students not just

for those who deviate from the norm in one
direction or the other.
 All GUIDANCE is EDUCATION but some aspects of

education are not guidance. The objectives are

the same in the development of the person but
methods used are different.
Jones, Stefflre and Stewart have defined guidance as
“the help giver, by one person to another in making
choices and adjustments and in solving problems.”

 “Guidance is a continuous process of helping the

individual to develop to the maximum of his
capacity in the direction, most beneficial to himself
and to society.”
 Guidance is not a direction. It is also not imposition

of one’s ideas on others. Guidance is not making

decision for others. Decision should be made by an
individual himself.
It is not uncommon to find the
expression: GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING or COUNSELING AND
GUIDANCE; there are similarities as
well as differences between Guidance
and Counseling.
COUNSELING – represents only one of
the services to be found in a guidance
program; it covers a wide area of
procedures, advice giving,
psychoanalysis, etc.
GUIDANCE – touches all aspects of life
GUIDANCE AND DISCIPLINE
Bert is 14 years old and a high school
freshman. He is often times tardy for his first
period class. One unpleasant thing about him
is coming to class without a written
homework. He does not bring his Math
workbook because he considers it too bulky.
Even after several conferences with him, he
still does not show any change. So he is
referred to the guidance counselor for
appropriate action.
MISCONCEPTION

A few take guidance center as

the responsible agent to give due
sanction. So Bert feels a peculiar
phobia to the guidance office.
For him being called to the
guidance office means he is to
be subjected to punishment. He
is very uncomfortable with the
idea. Such is also the concept of
most of his classmates.
TRUTH
 Bert is referred to the guidance counselor not
for punishment but for assistance to let him
see for himself the situate he creates. The
function of the guidance counselor is to help
in finding out the possible effects of Bert’s
present practice. He will not be advised on
what to do but will be simply assisted in
making an intelligent move to effect a
change in his behavior as well as in his
attitude.
ROLE OF THE TEACHER
 The teacher is responsible for helping Bert
understand the educational content of the
lesson and make him do the required task to
attain the set goal of learning; he or she shall
provide the necessary motivation for Bert to
participate in the class. If Bert still shows no
sign of change and conformity to the
classroom practice, then he is referred to the
prefect of discipline.
DISCIPLINE and
GUIDANCE are related.
While discipline pertains
to series of positive and
negative ways given in a
training, guidance helps to
set a goal by an action
plan of activities for its
proper implementation.
The NEED for GUIDANCE
1. Guidance is based on human needs – everybody
needs assistance at sometime in his life. An
individual needs sympathetic understanding and
freedom from control of direction by others.
2. From the standpoint of the individual – intelligent
choices can result only where the individual has
adequate facts and experiences and receives
careful counseling.
3. From the standpoint of society – the
individual should be in occupation
where he has been trained so he
can make society better and
contribute to improving the
conditions of his/her group.

Guidance is helpful not only for

student and teacher in an educational
institution but also to the parents,
administrators, planners and
community members.
PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE
Elementary School level
- Is focused on assisting pupils

to integrate such primary

groups forces as the home, the
school, religion and the peer-
relationships – in which form
the base for the students’
adolescence, then blend those
forces into a harmonious
whole
Secondary School level
- It is centrally focused upon
differentiating aspects of these
forces as they effect the pupils
knowledge, acceptance and
direction of him/herself – in
accordance to their potentialities
and opportunities in the areas of
educational planning, career
choice, interpersonal relationships
and interpersonal acceptance
Thus the PURPOSE of
Guidance is to improve the
capability of the individual
to understand and deal with
self-situational relations for
greater personal
satisfaction and social
usefulness (students,
teachers, parents, etc).
 Guidance is based upon the following
principles:
Holistic development of individual: - total
development of personality
Recognition of individual differences and
dignity; thus the dignity of the individual is
supreme
Acceptance of individual needs
The individual needs a continuous
guidance process from early childhood
throughout adulthood
Guidance involves using skills to
communicate love, regard and respect for
others.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
GUIDANCE
Guidance is a continuous process
Guidance activities are

specifically planned and

developed to ensure program
effectiveness
Guidance should not be limited to

few; Guidance services are for all

students
Guidance is fundamentally the
responsibility of the parents in
the home and in the school.
Teachers have guidance

responsibilities
Guidance is a learning process
Counseling is central in

guidance services
Guidance is primarily concerned

with prevention rather than

cure.
Contribution to students:

1. To help them understand themselves by knowing

more about their abilities, aptitudes, interests
and limitations
2. To get along better with other people and
understand the world in which they live
3. To get the most out of school by gaining
information regarding career, subjects, etc.
4. To explore their own interests, abilities, learn
about various aspects of the world of work and
learn to make most of their abilities
5. In recognizing gifted and slow learners and
students having special needs and helping them
to develop proper attitude and make maximum
use of their potential ability.
Aid to the Teacher:

1. Guidance offers opportunities to increase teachers’

understanding of their students through in-service
education programs carried on by the guidance
counselor. The school counselor assists in
administering and interpreting psychological tests
which provide better understanding of their
students’ classroom behavior and performance.
2. Data on students’ special interests, capabilities,
past experiences, physical condition, medical
history, family background, scholastic records,
etc., which are provided on the cumulative record
of the guidance office, help the teacher provide
better instruction to the student.
Beneficial to the Parents, Society and
the School Community:

1. For the parents: to give clearer perception of the

child’s intelligence, abilities, interests and
potentialities – help the parents know, understand
and accept the child as he or she is.
2. To assist the total community population towards
better mental health
3. To help the entire school by aiding the students in
their choice of courses through counseling
program and other related programs on
educational, career and personality development
of the students.
Areas of Guidance

 PERSONAL- The objectives of personal guidance are

to help the individual in his/her physical, emotional,
social, rural and spiritual development.
 EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE – concerned with helping

the individual plan wisely his/her educational program

and to put him/herself in position to carry forward
successfully an educational aim.
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE – the process of assisting

the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it,

enter upon and progress in it.
 SOCIAL GUIDANCE – it is very important that the

students to be helped in acquiring in feeling of

security and being accepted by the group in
developing social relationship and to becoming
tolerant towards others. This is the task of social
guidance.
 MORAL GUIDANCE- moral values occupy an
important place in our life. Some times due to
influence of diverse factors students tell lies and
indulge in undesirable practices. Moral guidance
helps in bringing these students in to proper track
and help in their all around development.
 HEALTH GUIDANCE- total health i.e. preventive

and curative is the goal of health guidance. The

health guidance may be a cooperative effort of
Principal, Doctors, Counselor/ psychologist,
teachers, students and parents. For promoting
preventive care the conditions of school. Canteen,
needs to be checked.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
GUIDANCE PROGRAM

1. It is an integral part of the total

educational program of the
school.
2. It reaches all the school children.
3. Its activities are bedrock on
substantial information about
boys and girls, educational or
vocational opportunities, and
social needs.
4. It provides careful interpretation
and wise dissemination of
personal data to pupils, teachers
and others.
5. It recognizes the teachers as a
key person in the guidance set-
up.
6. It provides adequate records.
7. It gives provision for continuous
in service education for teachers
in the areas of child study and