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MMW - Chapter 2 - Mathematical Language and Symbols

Chapter 2 discusses the distinction between language and mathematical language, highlighting the components of mathematical language such as nouns and verbs. It outlines the characteristics of mathematical language, including its precision and lack of emotional content, and explains how to translate between words and mathematical symbols. The chapter also covers mathematical expressions, sentences, equations, inequalities, and the importance of context and convention in understanding math symbols.

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43 views25 pages

MMW - Chapter 2 - Mathematical Language and Symbols

Chapter 2 discusses the distinction between language and mathematical language, highlighting the components of mathematical language such as nouns and verbs. It outlines the characteristics of mathematical language, including its precision and lack of emotional content, and explains how to translate between words and mathematical symbols. The chapter also covers mathematical expressions, sentences, equations, inequalities, and the importance of context and convention in understanding math symbols.

Uploaded by

coldbrewlmao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2:

MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS


ELAINE C. RICOHERMOSO_LPT
Instructor 1
LANGUAGE VS MATHEMATICAL
LANGUAGE
 Language - the system of words, signs and symbols
which people use to express ideas, thoughts and feelings
 Mathematical Language - is the system used to
communicate mathematical ideas.

NOUNS (Numbers, measurements, shapes, spaces,


functions, patterns, data and arrangement )
 VERBS (considered as the four main actions
attributed to problem solving and reasoning)
MATHEMATICAL VERBS
According to Kenney, Hancewicz, Heuer,
Metsisto and tuttle (2005), these four main
actions are:

1. Modelling and Formulating


2. Transforming and Manipulating
3. Inferring
4. Communicating
MATHEMATICAL VERBS
1. Modeling and Formulating – creating appropriate
representations and relationships to mathematize the
original problem.
2. Transforming and Manipulating - changing the
mathematical form in which a problem is originally
expressed to equivalent form that represents solution.
3. Inferring – applying derived results to the original
problem situation and interpreting and generalizing the
result
4. Communicating – reporting what has been learned
about a problem to a specified audience.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MATHEMATICAL
LANGUAGE

According to Jamison (2000) the use of language


in mathematics differs from the language of
ordinary speech in three important ways.

1. Mathematical language is non-temporal


2. Mathematical language is devoid of emotional
content
3. Mathematical language is precise
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS AND SENTENCES

OPERATIOANAL TERMS AND SYMBOLS


Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
+ - X, (), * ,/
Plus Minus Multiplied by Divided by
The sum of The The product of The quotient of
Increased difference of Times per
by Decreased by
Total Subtracted
Added to from
More than Less than
diminished
TRANSLATING WORDS INTO MATHEMATICAL
SYMBOLS

• The product of three and a number


3n
• A number m is divided by four
m 4,
• Five times the sum of a number and two
5(n+2)
TRANSLATING WORDS INTO
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS

• Six subtracted from a number p

• The reciprocal of eight added to the product of five


and a number x.
+ 5x
• The difference of three times a number and five.
3x-5
TRANSLATING WORDS INTO
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
• The quotient of number s and five, subtracted
from the square root of four.

- , - (s)
TRANSLATING
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
INTO WORDS

2x + 10
Two times a number plus ten
The sum of two times a number and ten
Ten more than two times a number.
Two times a number added to ten
Twice a number increased by ten
TRANSLATING
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
INTO WORDS

3x - 3
 Thrice a number minus three
 The difference of three times a number and
three
 Three less than three times a number
 Three subtracted from three times a number
 Thrice a number diminished by three
TRANSLATING
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
INTO WORDS

 Three time the difference of a number y and five


 Thrice the difference of a number and five

 Two times the squared of the sum of a number and seven


 Twice the squared of the sum of a number and seven
TRANSLATING
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
INTO WORDS

A number divided by six


the quotient of anumber and six
the ratio of a number and six
TRANSLATING
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
INTO WORDS

Seven divided by the sum of a number and two


The quotient of seven and the sum of a number
and two.
two more than a number is divided from seven
TRANSLATING
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
INTO WORDS

The quotient of the square root of 8 times


a number and a square of 3 times a
number.
The square root of 8 times a number
divided by the square of 3 times a number.
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION

• When we combine numbers and variables in


a valid way, using operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division,
exponentiation, and other operations and
functions as yet unlearned, the resulting
combination of mathematical symbols is
called a mathematical expression.
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION
• It also consists of term and separated with other term with either
plus or minus
• A single term may contain an expression in parenthesis or other
grouping symbols
numerical coefficient (the number attached to the variable)
 literal coefficient (the variable itself)
 constant (any single number).
EXAMPLE: 2x + 10
Numerical constant
coefficient
Literal
coefficient
MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE
• Combination of two mathematical expression using a
comparison operator.
• These expressions either use numbers, variables or
both
• The comparison operator includes equal, not equal,
greater than, greater than or equal to, less than and less
than or equal to.
= ≠ < > ≥ ≤
EQUATION VS INEQUALITY

EQUATION INEQUALITY

 Mathematical expressions  Mathematical expressions


containing equal signs. containing inequality signs

= ≠ < > ≤ ≥
MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE
Examples of
Equation Example of Inequality
15x -5 < 3y
4x + 3 = 19 18 > 16.5
6y – 5 = 55 2x + y ≤ 7
9n-1 =26 12 ≥ 12y
8n ≠ 9n -7
= ≠ < > ≥ ≤
OPEN SENTENCE VS CLOSE
SENTENCE
Open sentence Close sentence
• The mathematical • The mathematical
sentence is not known sentence is known to
whether true or false be either true or false.
• It can be a TRUE
CLOSED SENTENCE and
FALSE CLOSED
SENTENCE.
OPEN SENTENCE VS CLOSE
SENTENCE
Example of Open sentence
Example of Close sentence

2xy < 3y 2 (x + y ) = 2x + 2y TRUE


18 w > 16.5 9 is an even number FALSE
3 (m + n) = 100 8c – c = 7c TRUE
The square root of 4 is 1 FALSE
8ab –c = 1 3 > -2 TRUE
x +y = 5 10 – 1 = 8 FALSE
TWO THINGS TO CONSIDER TO UNDERSTAND THE
MEANING OF MATH SYMBOL

CONTEXT CONVENTION
• It refers to the particular • A technique used by mathematicians,
engineers and scientists in which a
topics being studied. particular symbol has a particular
meaning.
Example:
Ex: Using a variable x
Trigonometry: Student A: x=shorter leg of a
triangle
Geometry: 3.1416
Student B: x=longer leg of a triangle
Student C: x=hypotenuse
“MATHEMATICS IS THE
LANGUAGE IN WHICH GOD HAS
WRITTEN THE UNIVERSE”
-GALILEO GALILEI
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!! 

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