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Lecture4

The document outlines the functions of a Database Management System (DBMS), including data storage, user-accessible catalogs, transaction support, concurrency control, recovery services, authorization, data communication, integrity services, data independence, and utility services. Each function is described with its importance and benefits, such as ensuring data security and maintaining data integrity. The document emphasizes the role of a DBMS in managing data effectively and securely.

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4 views

Lecture4

The document outlines the functions of a Database Management System (DBMS), including data storage, user-accessible catalogs, transaction support, concurrency control, recovery services, authorization, data communication, integrity services, data independence, and utility services. Each function is described with its importance and benefits, such as ensuring data security and maintaining data integrity. The document emphasizes the role of a DBMS in managing data effectively and securely.

Uploaded by

syedamenahil206
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CT-261:

Database
Management System
Course Teacher:
Ms. Nudrat Naved
Lecturer, CSIT Department
NED University of Engineering & Technology
Functions of a DBMS
1. Data storage, retrieval, and update:
A DBMS must furnish users with the ability to store, retrieve, and
update data in the database.
The DBMS should hide the internal physical implementation details
(such as file organization and storage structures) from the user.
Functions of a DBMS
2. A user-accessible catalog:
A DBMS must furnish a catalog in which descriptions of data items are
stored and which is accessible to users. A system catalog, or data
dictionary, is a repository of information describing the data in the
database: it is the ‘data about the data’ or metadata.
Functions of a DBMS
Typically, the system catalog stores:
● names, types, and sizes of data items;
● names of relationships;
● integrity constraints on the data;
● names of authorized users who have access to the data;
● the data items that each user can access and the types of access allowed;
for example, insert, update, delete, or read access;
● external, conceptual, and internal schemas and the mappings between the
schemas;
● usage statistics, such as the frequencies of transactions and counts on the
number of accesses made to objects in the database.
Functions of a DBMS
Some benefits of a system catalog are:
● Information about data can be collected and stored centrally. This helps to maintain
control over the data as a resource.
● The meaning of data can be defined, which will help other users understand the
purpose of the data.
● Communication is simplified, since exact meanings are stored. The system catalog may
also identify the user or users who own or access the data.
● Redundancy and inconsistencies can be identified more easily since the data is
centralized.
● Changes to the database can be recorded.
● The impact of a change can be determined before it is implemented, since the system
catalog records each data item, all its relationships, and all its users.
● Security can be enforced.
● Integrity can be ensured.
● Audit information can be provided.
Functions of a DBMS
3. Transaction support:
A DBMS must furnish a mechanism which will ensure either that all
the updates corresponding to a given transaction are made or that
none of them is made.
Functions of a DBMS
4. Concurrency control services:
A DBMS must furnish a mechanism to ensure that the database is
updated correctly when multiple users are updating the database
concurrently.
Functions of a DBMS

The Lost Update Problem


Functions of a DBMS
5. Recovery services:
A DBMS must furnish a mechanism for recovering the database in the
event that the database is damaged in any way like as a result of a
system crash, media failure, a hardware or software error causing the
DBMS to stop, or it may be the result of the user detecting an error
during the transaction and aborting the transaction before it
completes. In all these cases, the DBMS must provide a mechanism to
recover the database to a consistent state.
Functions of a DBMS
6. Authorization services:
A DBMS must furnish a mechanism to ensure that only authorized users can
access the database. . For example, we may want only branch managers to
see salary-related information for staff and prevent all other users from
seeing this data. Additionally, we may want to protect the database from
unauthorized access. The term security refers to the protection of the
database against unauthorized access, either intentional or accidental. We
expect the DBMS to provide mechanisms to ensure the data is secure.
Functions of a DBMS
7. Support for data communication:
A DBMS must be capable of integrating with communication software.
Functions of a DBMS
8. Integrity services:
A DBMS must furnish a means to ensure that both the data in the database and
changes to the data follow certain rules.
Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency
rules that the database is not permitted to violate. For example, we may want
to specify a constraint that no member of staff can manage more than 100
properties at any one time. Here, we would want the DBMS to check when we
assign a property to a member of staff that this limit would not be exceeded
and to prevent the assignment from occurring if the limit has been reached.
Functions of a DBMS
9. Services to promote data independence:
A DBMS must include facilities to support the independence of
programs from the actual structure of the database.
Functions of a DBMS
10. Utility services:
A DBMS should provide a set of utility services.
Examples of utilities are:
● import facilities, to load the database from flat files, and export facilities,
to unload the database to flat files;
● monitoring facilities, to monitor database usage and operation;
● garbage collection and reallocation, to remove deleted records physically
from the storage devices, to consolidate the space released, and to
reallocate it where it is needed. Etc.

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