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Mean and Variance Proba

The document provides an overview of mean, variance, and standard deviation for discrete random variables in statistics. It includes definitions, formulas, and step-by-step examples for calculating these statistical measures. Additionally, it features evaluation questions and assignments for further practice.

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Jerrylee Rivo
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14 views42 pages

Mean and Variance Proba

The document provides an overview of mean, variance, and standard deviation for discrete random variables in statistics. It includes definitions, formulas, and step-by-step examples for calculating these statistical measures. Additionally, it features evaluation questions and assignments for further practice.

Uploaded by

Jerrylee Rivo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Mean, Variance &


standard deviation of a
Discrete Random Variable
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
ENGR. ROEL C.
FERNANDEZ
review
A simple recall on the previous topic about
Random Variables.
1. What term refers to a function whose
value is real number determined by each
element in the sample space?

RANDOM VARIABLES
2. What term refers to a
random variable where its set
of possible outcomes is
measurable.
CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLES
3. Which of the following is the random
variable that represents the number of
heads in tossing a coin 3 times?
A) X = {0, 1, 2, 3}
B) X = { }
C) X = {2, 4, 6}
D) X= {1, 3, 5, 9}
4.What is the sum of the
probabilities of all values of the
random variable?

=1
5.Which of the following is a
discrete random variable?
A. Length of wire ropes
B. The number of heads obtained when
tossing a coin thrice
C. Amount of paint used in repainting
the building
D. Voltage of car batteries
The session
The shall begin
session shall
shortly…
begin shortly…
LET’S
START!
Mean of a Random Variable

The Mean µ of a discrete random variable is the


central value or average of its corresponding
probability mass function. It is also called as the
Expected Value. It is computed using the formula:

 E  X   x P  x 

Where X is the outcome and P(X) is the


probability of the outcome.
1
X P(X)
Find the
0 0.05
mean of
the given 1 0.15
probability 2 0.35
distribution 3 0.45
.
Solution:

 E  X   x P  x 

= { 0 (0.5) + 1(0.15) + 2(0.35) + 3(0.45) }

= { 0 + 0.15 + 0.7 + 1.35 }

= 2.2
2 Solution

If three Recall that the


coins are possible outcomes for
the number of heads is
tossed, as follows:
find the number
of head 0 1 2 3
mean of X

the number P(X) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8

of heads X
that occur.
 E  X   x P x 

={ 0 ( 1/8) + 1 (3/8) + 2(3/8) + 3(1/8)


= ( 0 + 3/8 + 6/8 + 3/8)

= 12/8 or 1.5
3
Find the mean of the random variable
Y representing the number of red color
chocolates per 160-gram pack of
colored chocolate packages that has
the following probability distribution.
Y 4 5 6 7
P(Y) 0.10 0.37 0.33 0.20
Solution:

 E  X   x P x 

= { 4(0.10) + 5 (0.37) + 6(0.33) +7(0.20)}

= (0.4 + 1.85 + 1.98 + 1.4 )

= 5.63
So, the mean of the probability distribution is 5.63. This implies
that the average number of red chocolates per 160-gram is 5.63.
4
The probabilities that a
customer will buy 1, 2, 3, 4, or
5 items in a grocery store are
3/10, 1/10, 1/10, 2/10, and 3/10,
respectively. What is the
average number of items that a
customer will buy?
To solve the above problem, we will follow 3 steps
below.
STEPS IN FINDING THE MEAN

 Step 1: Construct the probability distribution


for the random variable X representing the
number of items that the customer will buy.
 Step 2: Multiply the value of the random
variable X by the corresponding probability.
 Step 3: Add the results obtained in Step 2.
Results obtained is the mean of the
probability distribution.
Step 1
 Construct the probability distribution for
the
random variable X representing the number
of items thatofthe
Number Itemscustomer
Probability will buy.
X P(X)
1 3/10
2 1/10
3 1/10
4 2/10
5 3/10
Step 2
Multiply the value of the random variable X by
the corresponding probability.
Number of Items Probability
X P(X) X . P(X)
1 3/10 3/10
2 1/10 2/10
3 1/10 3/10
4 2/10 8/10
5 3/10 15/10
Step 3
X . P(X)
Add the
3/10
results
obtained in 2/10
Step 2. 3/10
Results 8/10
obtained is 15/10
the mean (μ)

μ = Σ𝑿.𝑷(X) = 31/10
of the Using the formula:
probability
distribution.
LE Variance and
S Standard
S
O Deviation of the
N Discrete Random
2 Variable
LET’S
START!
Variance and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable

The variance and standard deviation are two


values that describe how scattered or spread out
the scores are from the mean value of the random
variable. The variance,
2
denoted as σ , is
determined using the formula:
The standard deviation of a discrete
probability distribution is given by the
formula:

𝑋 = value of the random


where:

𝑃(𝑋) = probability of the


variable

𝜇 = mean of the
random variable X

probability distribution
Steps in Finding the Variance and Standard
Deviation
1. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
2. Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable
X.
3. Square the result obtained in Step 2.
4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the
corresponding probability.
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4. Results
obtained is the value of the variance of probability
distribution.
1
The number of cars sold Number of Cars Probability
per day at a local car Sold X P(x)
dealership, along with its 0 10%
corresponding
1 20%
probabilities, is shown in
the succeeding table. 2 30%
Compute the variance and 3 20%
the standard deviation of 4 20%
the probability distribution
by following the given
steps.
Solution:

Step 1. Find the mean of the probability distribution


using the formula: μ = Σ𝑋.𝑃(X)

Number of Car Probability X.P(X)


Sold X P(X) μ = Σ𝑋.𝑃(X)
0 0.10 0
1 0.20 0.20 = 0+0.20+0.60
2 0.30 0.60 +0.60 + 0.80
3 0.20 0.60 = 2.2
4 0.20 0.80
Step 2. Subtract the mean from each value of
the random variable X.
X-
0 - 2.2 = -2.2
1 - 2.2 = - 1.2
2 – 2.2 = - 0.2
3 – 2.2 = 0.8
4 – 2.2 = 1.8
μ = 2.2
Step 3. Square the results obtained in Step
2. (X - μ) 2
4.84
1.44
0.04
0.64
3.24
Step 4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the
corresponding probability.
(X- ) .2 P(X)
0.484
0.228
0.012
0.128
0.648
Step 5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4.
The result is the value of the variance. So, the formula
is:

Variance
To Solve for Standard
Deviation:
Get the square root of the
variance

So, the variance of the


number of cars sold per
day is 1.56 and the
standard deviation is 1.25.
Activity

Determine the mean or expected value ,


Variance and Standard Deviation of the
Random Variable .

X 2 4 6 8
P(X) 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1
Evaluation:

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.In probability distributions, when you get


the sum of the probabilities of all values
of the random variable, what sum did you
get?
A) 1
B) 10
C) 5
D) 20
2. In computing the mean, after you
construct the probability distribution, what
will be the next step?
A) Add the results.
B) Subtract the mean from each value of
the
random variable X
C) Square the results.
D) Multiply the value of the random
variable
3. In computing the variance, what sum you
should get?
A) Products of square of the value of the random
variable X and its corresponding probability
B) Products of value of the random variable X
and
its corresponding probability
C) Difference of value of the random variable and
mean
D) Difference of probabilities and mean
4. What will you do with the variance to
get the standard deviation?
A) Multiply by two
B) Divide by two
C) Square
D) Square root
5. Refer to the probability distribution
below.
X 2 5 8 11
P(X) 1 2 3 1
7 7 7 7

Solve for mean , variance and standard


deviation of the random variable.
Assignment:
Solve the following problems.
1.Two balls are drawn in a succession without replacement from a
jar containing 4 green balls and 3 orange balls. Solve for the mean
variance of standard deviation of the probability distribution.
2. Construct a probability distribution for the following data then
find the mean, variance and standard deviation
a. The probabilities that a costumer buys 2,4,6,8 or 10 items in a
convenience store are 0.32,0.12.0.23, 0.15 and 0.18 respectively.
b. The probabilities that a bias die will fall as 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 are
1/2,1/6,1/12,1/12 ,1/12 and 1/12 respectively
Thank you!!!
God bless us all!!!

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