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Lecture 05 (SNS)

The document covers various concepts in Signals & Systems, including unit ramp sequences, signum functions, exponential sequences, and sinusoidal sequences. It discusses composite sequences, properties of discrete-time signals, and the classification of signals into finite/infinite, even/odd, and periodic/aperiodic. Examples and graphical representations are provided to illustrate these concepts.

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9 views27 pages

Lecture 05 (SNS)

The document covers various concepts in Signals & Systems, including unit ramp sequences, signum functions, exponential sequences, and sinusoidal sequences. It discusses composite sequences, properties of discrete-time signals, and the classification of signals into finite/infinite, even/odd, and periodic/aperiodic. Examples and graphical representations are provided to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

asadumar6000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 05

Signals & Systems


TE-205
Department of Telecommunication
Engineering,
U.E.T Mardan
Unit Ramp Sequence
n , n 0 
r  n   
 0 , n  0 

Fig. 8 Graphical representation of the unit Ramp


sequence
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Signum Function

Fig. 9 Graphical representation of Signum function


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Exponential Sequence

Fig. 10 Graphical representation of the Real Exponential


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Complex Exponential Sequence

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Complex Exponential Sequence (Cont’d)

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Complex Exponential Sequence (Cont’d)

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Sinusoidal Sequence
The sinusoidal functions take the form

x[n] = Asin(nW+q) or x[n] = Acos(nW+q) for all n with real


A.

where W is a frequency in radians and q is a phase shift.

Fig. 11 Graphical representation of the sinusoidal


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T=2П/w

W= П/8
Example No. 25 T=16

Example: plot of x[n] = 3sin(nπ/8)

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Example No. 26
Example: Plot the following
signals

x1[n] = sin(n2π/9)

x2[n] = sin(n2π/9 - 3π/5)

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Composite Sequences
 They are the combinations of basic
functions.

 This give flexibility in defining digital


signals.

 To evaluate a composite function, each


basic function (such as unit impulse, unit
step, sinusoidal etc) is constructed first,
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then the basic signals
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are multiplied,
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Example No. 27

Example: Draw a signal x[n] = e-


2n
u[n]
 First draw two basic signals (e-2n, u[n]) and then multiply as
shown in the Fig. (12)
 The u[n] has the effect of turning on the other function at n =
0.
 The u[n] is zero for n < 0, so x[n] is also for n < 0.
 The u[n] has a value of 1 for n ≥ 0, so x[n] is the same as e-2n
for n ≥ 0.

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Example No. 27 (Cont’d)

Fig. 12 A Composite sequence x[n]

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Properties of DTS
 The most important properties of Discrete-
Time Signals (DTS) are:

 Finite and Infinite-length Sequence


 Even and Odd Sequence
 Periodic and Aperiodic Sequence
 Power and Energy Sequence

 The properties of discrete-time signals


have the same meaning as they do in
continuous-time signals.
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Finite and Infinite-length Sequences

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Finite and Infinite-length Sequences (Cont’d)

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Finite and Infinite-length Sequences (Cont’d)

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Finite and Infinite-length Sequences (Cont’d)

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Example No. 1

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Example No. 2

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Even and Odd Signals

Eq. (1)

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Even and Odd Signals (Cont’d)

(a)

(b)

Fig. 1 Examples of (a) even and (b) odd signal


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Even and Odd Signals (Cont’d)

Fig. 2 Product of two even sequences


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Even and Odd Signals (Cont’d)

Fig. 3 Product of two odd sequences


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Even and Odd Signals (Cont’d)

Fig. 4 Product of an even and an odd sequences


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Example No. 3
 Sketch and label the even and odd
components of the sequence x[n] shown in
Fig. (5)

Fig. 5 Discrete Time signal x[n]


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Example No. 3 (Cont’d)

(a) (b)

Fig. 6 (a) Even and (b) odd components of


sequence x[n]
Can you Add both of (a) & (b) to get back the
required sequence x[n]?
( DYS ! )
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