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Sampling

The document discusses the necessity and methods of sampling when it is impractical to measure an entire population. It outlines various sampling techniques including random sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling, each with its own approach to ensure representative samples. The importance of these methods lies in their ability to provide insights while considering constraints like time, cost, and population characteristics.

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17 views8 pages

Sampling

The document discusses the necessity and methods of sampling when it is impractical to measure an entire population. It outlines various sampling techniques including random sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling, each with its own approach to ensure representative samples. The importance of these methods lies in their ability to provide insights while considering constraints like time, cost, and population characteristics.

Uploaded by

sinkalamajor
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SAMPLING

THE NEED FOR SAMPLING


In many cases it is not possible to obtain information about all members of a population, for
the following reasons:

(1) The collecting of the information may destroy the sample, e.g. testing fireworks or
electric fuses.

(2) The population may be infinite, e.g. the measurements of a physical constant such as g
using a particular apparatus.

(3) It may be impracticable to make a measurement for every member of the population,
e.g. measuring length of ants of a particular species.

(4) Even if a measurement could be made for each member of a population, considerations
of time and expense usually dictate otherwise.
RANDOM SAMPLING
For a sample to be representative of the whole population each member of the population must have
an equal chance of being chosen. A sample chosen in this way is called a random sample.

The simplest method of selecting a random sample is by using a table of random numbers. Such tables
are normally compiled electronically but could be made using any device which gives the digits 0 to 9
with equal probability.

Suppose we wish to select two days at random from the month of August using a random number
table. Each day is allocated a number 01, 02, 03, etc, upto 31. Note that each day must have the same
number of digits in its number so that each number has an equal probability of being chosen. Any
starting position can be chosen. Suppose we obtain the pairs of digits: (46), (51), 06, (59), (60),16. The
numbers shown in brackets do not correspond to any members of our population and are rejected.
Pairs of digits are taken until we have suffi cient to give a sample of required size. In this case the
random sample will consists of August 6 th and August 16 th .
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling in which the
researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population.
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Data is then collected from as large a percentage as possible of this
random subset.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
What is systematic random sampling? Systematic random sampling is also
known as a probability sampling method in which researchers assign a
desired sample size of the population, and assign a regular interval
number to decide who in the target population will be sampled.
What is stratified random sampling?

 Stratified random sampling (also known as proportional random sampling and quota random sampling) is a
probability sampling technique in which the total population is divided into homogenous groups (strata) to
complete the sampling process.

 Each stratum (the singular for strata) is formed based on shared attributes or characteristics — such as level
of education, income and/or gender. Random samples are then selected from each stratum and can be
compared against each other to reach specific conclusions.

 For example, a researcher might want to know the correlation between income and education — they could
use stratified random sampling to divide the population into strata and take a random sample from it.

 Stratified random sampling is typically used by researchers when trying to evaluate data from different
subgroups or strata. It allows them to quickly obtain a sample population that best represents the entire
population being studied.

 Stratified random sampling is one of four probability sampling techniques: Simple random sampling,
systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.
What is cluster sampling?
Cluster sampling is a probability sampling method in which you divide a
population into clusters, such as districts or schools, and then randomly
select some of these clusters as your sample. The clusters should ideally
each be mini-representations of the population as a whole.
Thank you

Brita Tamm

502-555-0152

[email protected]

www.firstupconsultants.com

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