Understanding Ways to

Collect Data
By:

LORNA C. DINOS
Learning Objectives:
1. The learner describes adequately
research design (either quantitative or
qualitative), sample, instrument used in
quantitative research, data collection
and analysis procedures.
2. Presents written research
methodology
Group the following terms whether qualitative or quantitative research.
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Experimental Research
Causal -Comparative
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Correlational
Historical Analysis
Grounded Theory
Survey Research
Case Study
Research Design states the whole approach that the
researcher decide to use to add the different
components of the study in a coherent and logical way,
ensuring that it will effectively address the research
problem.
Research Design constitutes the blueprint for the
collection, measurement, and analysis of data. The
research problem determines the type of research
design you should use.
 Types of Research:
Qualitive Research is a research that is subjective and
use to describe life experiences and give them meaning.
It is also a systematic approach to gain insights, explore
the depth, richness and complexity inherent to the
phenomenon.
Quantitative Research is a research that is objective,
precise and exact. It concentrated on collecting
numerical data and simplifying it across groups of
people or to explain a particular phenomenon.
 Research Designs under Qualitative Research:
Ethnography – understand the goals, cultures, challenges, motivations,
and themes that emerge in groups or organizations.
Phenomenology – an appropriate qualitative method when you
want to describe an event, activity, or phenomenon.
Case study – is a way of explaining an organization, entity, company
or event which involves a deep understanding through multiple
types of data sources.
Narrative – weaves together a sequence of events, usually from
just one or two individuals to form a cohesive study.
Grounded Theory – looks to describe the essence of an activity or
event. It looks to provide an explanation or theory behind the
events.
Research designs under quantitative research:
Experimental Research is guided specifically by hypothesis. It is an
analysis done for the purpose of proving or disproving the
statement.
Survey Research uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls
to get a sense of behavior with intense precisions.
Correlational Research tests for the relationships between two
variables or two closely associated entities for knowing the impact of
one on the other and the changes which eventually observed.
Causal – Comparative Research is used to draw conclusions with
respect to the cause and effect relationships between two or more
than two variables, one is dependent variable and the other is
independent variable.
*To come up with the chosen
design whether quantitative or
qualitative research, think of which
best suites in the given title or topic
to explore the collective ideas and
picture out to reveal better
understanding.
Research Setting is the area where the investigator
conducts the study.
* A good description of the place and specific
details where the study took place is of utmost
important.
Population (Respondents) are the persons who
have been invited to participate in a particular
study and have actually taken part in the study.
Sampling Procedure
Sampling Methods:
a. Random sampling is a technique which uses randomization to
make sure that every element of the population gets an equal
chance to be part of the selected sample.
b. Stratified sampling is a technique which divides the elements of
the population into small subgroups (strata based on the
similarity in such a way that the elements within the group are
homogeneous and heterogenous among the other subgroups
formed.
c. Convenience Sampling, here the samples are selected based on
the ability.
d. Purposive sampling: This is based on the intention or the
purpose of the study.
e. Quota sampling: This type of sampling depends of some pre – set
standard. It selects the representative sample from the
population.
f. Referral/Snowball sampling. This technique is used in the
situations where the population is completely unknown and rare.
Data Collection Procedure is the process of
gathering and measuring information on variables
of interest, in an established systematic fashion
that enables one to answer stated research
questions, test hypothesis, and evaluate
outcomes.
Methods in collecting data are: the use of survey
tool, questionnaire, interviews, observation,
instruments, and recorded data or resources.
Generalization:
*Chapter III or Methodology of your research consists of
research design, research setting, population and sampling
procedures and data collection procedure.
* Research Design is the blueprint of your research and
contains the plan you have for your research.
• There are different research designs for qualitative
research like, ethnography, phenomenology, narrative,
case study, grounded theory are among them.
• There also research design for quantitative research such
as experimental, survey, causal – comparative and
correlation
*Research setting gives the details where the study will
be conducted.

* Population and sampling procedure states who are

the respondents of the study and how they are
chosen.
* Data Collection Procedure tells how the data will be
collected and what instrument is used to collect the
data.
Group Activity 1.1. Discuss with your group mates
through your GCs and plan about Chapter III of your
research which is your Research Methodology applying
what we have discussed today. Your Research
Methodology will compose of the following:
A. Research Design
B. Research Setting
C. Respondents and Sampling Procedure
D. Data Collection Procedure
E. Method of Data Analysis
* Submit your Chapter III as attachment for checking.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!