Database

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1- Databases
 Vocabulary
Data coding: Assigning symbols, numbers, or short codes to data to make it
easier to organize and analyze.
Example: In a survey about customer satisfaction, coding might use numbers
like "1" for "Very Unsatisfied" and "5" for "Very Satisfied."

Data collection: Gathering information or facts from various sources for a

specific purpose, like research or analysis.
Example: A researcher collects responses through online questionnaires to
study consumer preferences.
Data entry: Inputting collected data into a digital system or spreadsheet for
storage and processing.
Example: Typing survey results into an Excel sheet for later analysis.
 Vocabulary
Data sorting: Arranging data in a specific order, such as alphabetically or
numerically, to make it easier to work with.
Example: Sorting a list of students by their grades from highest to lowest.

Data tabulation: Organizing data into tables to clearly display the information,
usually for easy comparison and analysis.
Example: Creating a table showing the number of sales per month for each
region.

Data validation: Checking data for accuracy and consistency to ensure it’s
correct and usable.
Example: Verifying that all phone numbers in a customer database
contain 10 digits to ensure they’re entered correctly.
 Vocabulary
Match the headings in the box to the data processing steps a-f.

data coding - data collection - data entry - data sorting - data tabulation - data validation

Data Collection
a.____________Gather the raw data which you want to process.
Data coding
b.____________ Arrange and systemize the data.
Data validation Clean the data and double-check for faults and inconsistencies.
c.____________
Data entry
d.____________ Enter the data into a system.
Data tabulation Arrange the data into a table format so that it can be analyzed.
e.____________
Data sorting
f.____________ Create categories to organize the data into relevant groups.
 Exercises: 4. Which of the following best describes data sorting?
A) Arranging data for easy entry
1. What is the main purpose of data coding?
A) To summarize data visually B) Organizing data in a logical order
B) To classify and categorize data for analysis C) Checking data accuracy
C) To enter data into a system D) Creating tables for comparison
D) To collect data from sources Answer: B
Answer: B
5. When data is organized into tables, what is this process
2. Which of the following is an example of data collection? called?
A) Entering responses into a spreadsheet A) Data entry
B) Conducting interviews to gather responses B) Data coding
C) Coding survey responses as numbers C) Data tabulation
D) Sorting data in alphabetical order D) Data collection
Answer: B Answer: C

3. What does data entry primarily involve? 6. Which activity would be considered data validation?
A) Assigning codes to data A) Sorting names alphabetically
B) Gathering data from surveys B) Gathering data from multiple sources
C) Typing or inputting data into a system C) Ensuring numbers are within a certain range
D) Checking data for errors D) Inputting data into a spreadsheet
Answer: C Answer: C
7. Data coding is most commonly used for which type of 10. Which of the following is a primary goal of data
data? sorting?
A) Raw, uncategorized data A) Data visualization
B) Validated, error-free data B) Data organization
C) Quantitative data only C) Data coding
D) Non-numeric categorical data D) Data entry
Answer: D Answer: B

8. What is the result of data tabulation? 11. Why is data validation an essential step in data
A) A coded list of data points processing?
B) A collection of responses A) It creates a data summary.
C) A set of organized tables for comparison B) It reduces errors and ensures accuracy.
D) A verification of data accuracy C) It arranges data in order.
Answer: C D) It gathers additional data.
Answer: B
9. In a database, data sorting would be used to:
A) Ensure that data is complete and accurate 12. Which is an example of "Data Sorting"?
B) Arrange data by criteria like dates or names A) Filtering survey responses by satisfaction level
C) Assign a numeric code to each entry B) Counting the frequency of a specific data value
D) Create a summary report of the data C) Checking for missing values
Answer: B D) Assigning numerical codes to responses
Answer: A
13. When would data collection be unnecessary in a
16. Data validation can help identify:
project?
A) Incomplete or incorrect data entries
A) When data has already been gathered
B) Order of data based on specific criteria
B) When data needs to be analyzed
C) Patterns in collected data
C) When data is raw and unorganized
D) Data tables and charts for analysis
D) When data is being validated
Answer: A
Answer: A
17. If you need to quickly view the highest scores in a
14. Which of the following actions would be an example of
dataset, which process would you use?
data tabulation?
A) Data validation
A) Typing data into a spreadsheet
B) Data collection
B) Creating a chart to show sales figures
C) Data tabulation
C) Sorting names in alphabetical order
D) Data sorting
D) Checking if the data follows a specific format
Answer: D
Answer: B
18. Which task requires data to be grouped for easy
15. To prevent inconsistencies in a survey response dataset,
retrieval and understanding?
which process is most useful?
A) Data entry
A) Data sorting
B) Data coding
B) Data entry
C) Data validation
C) Data validation
D) Data tabulation
D) Data tabulation
Answer: D
Answer: C
 Can/Could/Would
Would you
+ infinitive Used to make polite
requests or to talk about
without to hypothetical or imagined
situations.
Example:
Would you like some coffee? (Polite).
She would travel if she had
Language time. (Imagining a situation that’s not
real right now).
Could you
The past tense of "can," but it
also expresses polite requests, Can you
suggestions, or hypothetical
situations.. -Expresses ability or possibility.
It’s used when something is
Example: possible or someone is able to
He could play the guitar (He had the ability in the past). do something.
Could you help me? (A polite way to ask for help). Example:
She can swim (She has the ability to swim).
Can you pass me the remote?
 4. Which of the following is a correct use of "would"?
Exercises: A) She would go if she had time.
B) He would to see you.
1. Which sentence uses "can" correctly?
C) They would plays outside.
A) She can to dance.
D) I would cooking dinner.
B) They can play soccer.
Answer: A
C) He can swimming.
D) I can to read books.
5. What does "can" imply in this sentence? "I can finish this
Answer: B
project."
A) Permission
2. What does "could" express in this sentence? "He could
B) Ability
read when he was three."
C) Suggestion
A) Present ability
D) Request
B) Past ability
Answer: B
C) Future possibility
D) Polite request
6. Choose the correct polite request using "could":
Answer: B
A) Could you please to call me?
B) Could you call me, please?
3. Choose the correct sentence:
C) Could you calling me, please?
A) Could you to help me?
D) Could you calls me, please?
B) Could you help me?
Answer: B
C) Could you helping me?
D) Could you helps me?
Answer: B
 10. In which sentence is "would" used correctly?
7. Which sentence is correct?
A) Would you to like a drink?
A) They can to help with the event.
B) I would like to join the club.
B) She can swim very well.
C) He would to see the movie.
C) He can plays the piano.
D) They would helps with the project.
D) I can to finish my homework.
Answer: B
Answer: B
11. What is the function of "could" in "If I had money, I
8. What is the meaning of "would" in "I would love to travel"?
could buy a car"?
A) Future ability
A) Present ability
B) Past ability
B) Past ability
C) Hypothetical desire
C) Hypothetical possibility
D) Present request
D) Polite request
Answer: C
Answer: C
9. Choose the correct sentence using "could":
12. Which of the following sentences is a polite offer?
A) She could to help you.
A) Would you like to join us for dinner?
B) He could solve the problem.
B) Can you finish the report?
C) I could running faster.
C) Could you help me with this?
D) They could to dance.
D) Would you to help me?
Answer: B
Answer: A
13. Choose the correct sentence: 16. Which sentence expresses a hypothetical desire?
A) If it rains, I can stay home. A) I can swim.
B) If it rain, I could stay home. B) I could swim faster.
C) If it rained, I would stay home. C) I would travel if I had money.
D) If it rains, I would staying home. D) I would to travel.
Answer: C Answer: C

14. Which of these is a correct use of "would" for a 17. Choose the sentence that shows a polite request:
hypothetical situation? A) Could you help me with my homework?
A) I would help you if I knew how. B) Can you to help me?
B) He would to go if he can. C) Would you to help me?
C) They would liked to see the show. D) Could you helps me?
D) She would to dance if she wants. Answer: A
Answer: A
18. Choose the sentence that correctly uses "could" for past
15. In which scenario is "would" used to express a ability:
preference? A) She could to run fast as a child.
A) I would prefer tea over coffee. B) He could ride a bike when he was five.
B) I can prefer tea. C) They could riding bikes last summer.
C) I could to prefer tea. D) I could to play the piano now.
D) I would to prefer tea. Answer: B
Answer: A
 Speaking
Work in pairs.
Student A: make questions from the prompts.
Student B: answer yes or no and explain why not (if your
answer is no).

Example: type/name
Could you type in your name, please?

1. open/window
2. turn up/air conditioning
3. turn down/mp3 player
4. give/you/pen
5. answer/phone
6. give/password
Listen & repeat these questions:

Could you help me, please?

Please could you help me?

Would you help me with this software?

Please could you explain how to do that?

Please would you give me your password?

 Listen to two colleagues at a book company. Chris needs some information fro
the production database. Complete this dialogue.

Could
Chris: Tim, (1)_______ you help me a moment, please?
problem
Tim: Sure. What's the (2)_______?
Chris: I need some (3)___________
information about a book budget from the database.

Tim: OK.
get
Chris: But I don't know how to (4) _______it.
Tim: No problem.
Chris: So what do I do first?
password
Tim: Enter your name and (5)_________ and press enter.
Chris: Erm?
Tim: You have got a password?
 Listen to two colleagues at a book company. Chris needs some information from
the production database. Complete this dialogue.

remember
Chris: Erm, I can't (6)__________ it.
Tim: Use mine. Type in t evans, that's t-e-v-a-n-s, then snavet. s-n-a-v-e-t.
Chris: OK.
Tim: Now press Enter. Now what is the name of the book?
Chris: Basic French.
field column
Tim: OK. Type in that in the title (7)_______in the first. (8)________. Now press Find.
on
There it is. OK, budget. Click (9)________. Publishing and scroll down to Plant costs and
click on that.
Chris: Good. There's the budget in the second row. Thanks, Tim.
Tim: No problem.
Thanks!
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