ATHLETICS

LAWN TENNIS
BASKETBALL
BILLIARDS
BOXING
SOCCER
TABLE TENNIS
VOLLEYBALL
SWIMMING
What is Sports?
Sports is an activity, that requires physical actions
and skills where individual or teams compete
under a set of rules.

An activity involving physical exertion and skill in

which an individual or team competes against
another or others for entertainment.

A game involving physical exertion.

 TYPES OF SPORTS

INDIVIDUAL SPORTS-
MAG ISA MO LANG, WALA KANG KAKAMPI KUNDI SARILI
MO LANG.

DUAL SPORTS-
DALAWA KAYO, PERO WALANG KAYO.

TEAM SPORTS-
MADAMI KAYO, PERO HINDI MO ALAM KUNG KASAMA KA
BA TALAGA SA GRUPO
 TYPES OF SPORTS
1. Individual Sports- consist of only 1 player
against opponent.
Only one person is needed to compete against
another player.

You can progress at your own rate and choose

opponents of similar ability.

Formed the exercise and relaxation you need to

balance the pressure and worries you will have
later on in life.
2.Dual Sports- consist of duo/pair against 2
players.

-Is a type of sports that are played by two

people playing against each other.

Dual sports develop teamwork and

coordination, since it needs both to win the
game.

-Sports involves partners or two players for

ideas and style to win games. The two players
3. Team Sports- consist of
three(3) or more players.

-Includes any sport where

individuals are organized into
opposing teams which compete to
win.

-Team members act together

Is an activity in which a group of individual on the
same team, work together to accomplish an ultimate
goal which is to win the game.

Team members participate in every activity which

involves.
Making decision
Communicate
Manage Conflict, and
Solve problems in a supportive atmosphere to
accomplish their objective.
CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS ACCORDING LEVEL

1. Amateur - pertains to a proletarian/popular type of

sport consisting of one player or more acting as
ambassador/s of a place competing in a highly
organized game.
Ex. National Games, ASEAN Games, and Olympics.

2. Professional is a popular profitable type of sport

elevated as an entertainment.

Ex. Kyrie Irving (Basketball), Manny Paquio (Boxing), and

Tiger Woc (Golf)
 BENEFITS OF PLAYING SPORTS
• Chance at sports scholarships
• Develop emotional traits and personality
• Develop mental and physical skills
• Encourage goal setting and achieving goal
• Improve body physique
• Less risk of cigarette, drug, & alcohol use
• Pleasure (satisfaction)
• Professional growth
• Profit (professional sports)
• Socialization
 TERMINOLOGIES
Athletes - pertain to the players in sports.
Coach - is the expert, formal authority, and mentor within a
team.
Competition - refers to the competitive sport or tournament.
Court - is the physical facility/venue where sports are played.
Equipment the usually heavy and well-built materials used in a
sport
Exercise - is a physical activity to participate to enhance one's
physical fitness
Regulations. - is synonymous to a match governed by rules.
Leisure - pertains to the available time used from
work, obligations, and responsibilities.
Match - refers to an entire game characterized by
number, time, and order,
Officials -are the persons or group of individuals
who have the full jurisdiction over the game. It
includes umpires, referees, scorers, line judges,
arbiters, and table officials.
Play - is the act of playing.
Riot (Hooliganism) - denotes violence in sports. It is an
increase of negative attitude.
Set - refers to the partition of a match.
Sportsmanship - is an attitude that strives for fair play,
courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behavior
and integrity, and grace in victory or defeat.
Supplies are usually referred as to the racquets and balls that
are inevitably replaced.
Team Captain - is the leader or the player in-charge of the
team.
Trainer - is the instructor expert that teaches drills and skills.
Uniform - is the term for the clothing of the players that
includes the shoes and other accessories
Track and Field, commonly known as
Athletics, is the oldest of the sports.
It involves the movements of running, jumping
and throwing.
These movements are natural to man. During the
pre-historic and ancient times, man used these
movements to hunt animals for food. To catch
these animals, man had to be skillful in running,
jumping and throwing spears and stones

From the year 776 B.C. up to 393 A.D., the

Olympic Games were held and the Greeks
developed and included Track and Field events.
 TRACK AND FIELD GAMES OR EVENTS
Track and Field or Athletic Events are contests of Running,
jumping and Throwing
1. Running Events are races involving speed of motion
movement (from the starting line towards the finish line).
The runner who runs fastest at a distance wins the race. It is
measured by time.
Running events are categorized according to the distance.
Internationally, these are sprints hurdles, middle and long
distances.
The categorical distances are as follows:
Sprints
1. 100-meter
2. 200-meter
3. 400-meter
4. 100-meter hurdles
5. 110-meter hurdles
6. 400-meter hurdles
7. 4 x 100-meter relay
8. 4 x 400-meter relay
Middle Distances
9. 800-meter
10. 1,500-meter

Long Distances
11. 3,000-meter
12. 3,000-steeplechase
13. 5,000-meter
14. 10,000-meter
15. 15 km-up (optional distance)
16 42.195 km- marathon
All running events are conducted in
the track oval which has an innermost
measure of 400 meters. The direction
of runs are counter-clockwise.
During competition, some long
distance races such as the marathon
are run outside the oval but the finish
line is still inside the oval.
Jumping Events
Are contests of leaping or jumping. They are measured
by the height or length of the jump; vertical or
horizontal.
Jumping with the highest and the longest distance wins
the event.
The four jumping events are as follows:
1. Long Jump
2. Triple Jump
3. High Jump
4. Pole Vault
The four jumping events are as follows:
1. Long Jump
2. Triple Jump
3. High Jump
4. Pole Vault
 Throwing Events
Throwing Events are competitions of throws, measured by
the distance of the thrown implement from the throwing
area to the ground where it hits first.
The winner of the event is the strongest athlete who can
throw the farthest.
The four (4) throwing event are as follows:
1. Shot Put
2. Discus Throw
3. Javelin Throw
4. Hammer Throw
Running Events are also called Track Events because these are
conducted in the track or lanes of the oval.
Jumping and Throwing Events are generally called Field Events
since these are played inside or outside but near the Track oval.

Other Track and Field events are combinations of Running, Jumping

and Throwing Events.
These are called Combined Events
1. The Pentathlon for Male
a) Long Jump
b) Javelin Throw
c) 200 meter
d) Discus Throw
e) 1,500 meter
2.The Decathlon for Male
First Day
a) 100 meter
b) Long Jump
c) Shot Put
d) High Jump
e) 400 meter
Second Day
f) 110 meter hurdle
g) Discus Throw
h) Pole Vault
i) Javelin Throw
j) 1,500 meter
3. The Heptathlon for Female
First Day
a) 100 meter Hurdle
b) High Jump
c) Shot Put
d) 200 meter

Second Day
e) Long Jump
f) Javelin Thr0w
g) 800 meter
 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
The Track Oval

The oval is an egg-shaped, elliptical and spherical figure with two

straight sides. One lap in the oval is 400 meters.

The layout of the track and field oval shall accommodate all the
events except some long distance races.

.
 In the Philippines, there are already track ovals
of international standard which were constructed
for the annual Palarong Pambansa in San
Fernando Pampanga, Iloilo, Zamboanga City,
Isabela, Cebu, Lingayen, Gen. Santos City, Naga
City and Camarines Sur, aside from the ones at
ULTRA, Teachers Camp and Puerto Princesa,
Palawan.
2. The plasticine load is used to equip the competition take-off
boards. It allows to see clearly if an athlete has fouled the
board when jumping.
The plasticine load is composed of 2 bands of 60cm wide each
including 5 strips.
2. Running Track
An average running track has eight paths. These tracks circle
in a counterclockwise direction.
4. Starting Blocks device used in the sport of track and field by
sprint athletes to brace their feet against at the start of a race so
they do not slip as they stride forward at the sound of the
starter's pistol.
Track events that are 400 meters or less in length are given
starting squares to secure the track's perimeter
5. Hurdles
The distance between obstacles has been increased from 8.5
meters in a 100-meter event for women to 9.14 meters.
Obstacles are situations requiring both running and hopping
skills.
For female events, the average height is 0.84 meters, whereas
for male events it meters.
6. Discus in which a disk-shaped object, known as a
discus, is thrown for distance.
The gadget for the examination occasion is constructed of wood
with a metal rim and is shaped like a round plate.
The weight of the object is anywhere between 0.75 and 2 kilos, and its
width varies between 166 and 221 millimeters.
7. Javelin
It looks like a long stick, but weighs between 400 and 800 grams,
measures at least 750 millimeters in length, and reaches a
maximum of 1060 millimeters.
The standard specifies that the spear must be made of metal or have
three distinct parts: the head, shaft, and line hold for the players to
grip and throw overhand, the athlete's shoulder or upper arm.
8. Shot Put
A spherical shape made of iron or brass ,and put
from the shoulder that is thrown.
Men shot weight 7.26 kg(16 pounds) and 110-130
mm.
Women shot- 4kg (8.82-pound) and 95-110 mm.
. Meter
9
An important component in judging activity and
performance in team games, the meter is used to
measure the physical performance of the athletes,
including length, height, acceleration, and distance
covered.
10. Baton
This shall be a smooth hollow tube, circular in section
made of wood, metal or any rigid material, the length of
which shall be 280 to 300 mm.
A sprinter passes the baton, which is an empty chamber,
to another sprinter.
The players would be excluded if they abandon this
equipment.
11. Timer
It is used to track time for various activities that took
place throughout the mentioned events and to measure
certain things.
 TRACK EVENTS RULES IN ATHLETIC EVENTS

The runners should abide by the following rules to complete a

race
1. Sprinters are not allowed to cross lanes during the entire
race; they must run in the specified lanes.
2. Athletes can break inside in races with crowded starts. They
begin the 800-meter race in varying positions and have the
opportunity to break inside after the first curve.
3. Athletes can break inside after the start in longer races lasting
1500, 5,000, and 10,000 meters.
4. Throughout the race, sprinters should avoid stepping on the
white lines that indicate their lanes.
.
5 There are sensors on the blocks and in the starting pistol. In
the event of a false start, the competitor is eliminated.
6. Athletes are not permitted to touch the other side of the start
line with their hands or feet before giving the signal to "set" or
before firing the beginning pistol.
7. During the race, competitors should not obstruct other
competitors.
8. If the game is interrupted, the referee may lead the race
competition, and the race may be restarted a second time.
9. Athletes may leave the track at any time before the race is
over, but they are not permitted to return, or they will be
disqualified.