Servo Motor
Automation
Team members:
1) S.Senthamil Selvan(22EER087)
2) I.sanjeev(22EER082)
3) V.Sandeep(22EER080)
Date:08/11/2023
OBJECTIVE
Servo motors are specially designed motors to be used in
control applications and robotics.
They are used for precise position and speed control at high
torques.
It consists of a suitable motor, position sensor and a
sophisticated controller.
Servo motors can be characterized according the motor
controlled by servomechanism, i.e. if DC motor is controlled
using servomechanism, it is called as DC Servo motor.
Thus major types of Servo motor may be - (i) DC Servo
motor, (ii) AC Servo motor. .
What is Servomechanism
Servomechanism is basically a closed-loop system, consisting of a controlled device,
controller, output sensor and feedback system.
The term servomechanism most probably applies to the systems where position and speed
is to be controlled.
How Does A Servo Motor Work?
Servo motors are used to control position and speed very
precisely, but in a simple case, only position may be controlled.
Mechanical position of the shaft can be sensed by using a
potentiometer, which is coupled with the motor shaft through
gears.
The current position of the shaft is converted into electrical signal
by the potentiometer, and the compared with the command input
signal.
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How Is The Servo Motor Controlled?
Usually a servomotor turns 90° in either direction, i.e. maximum
movement can be 180°. A normal servo motor cannot rotate any
further due to a built-in mechanical stop.
Three wires are taken out of a servo: positive, ground and control
wire. A servo motor is controlled by sending a Pulse Width
Modulated (PWM) signal through the control wire.
A pulse is sent every 20 milliseconds. Width of the pulses determine
the position of the shaft.
For example, a pulse of1ms will move the shaft anticlockwise at -90°,
a pulse of 1.5ms will move the shaft at the neutral position that 0°
and a pulse of 2ms will move the shaft clockwise at +90°.
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Applications Of Servo Motor
Servo motors are popularly
used in robotics,
computers, CD/DVD
players, toys etc.
Servos are extensively
used in those application
where a specific task is to
be done repeatedly in a
very precise manner.
Servos are mainly used on
angular or linear position
and for specific velocity,
and acceleration.
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Advantages
High efficiency.
High output power relative to their size.
More constant torque at higher speed.
Closed-loop control.
Quiet operation.
Highly reliable.
High ratio of torque to inertia.
High acceleration.
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Disadvantages
Servos Motors require tuning to stabilize the feedback loop.
Servo Motor will become unpredictable when something breaks.
Complex controller requires encoder and electronic support.
Peak torque is limited to a 1% duty cycle.
Gearboxes are often required to deliver power at higher speeds
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Thank You!!!
