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Deductive Reasoning

The document outlines activities focused on logic and reasoning for Grade 8 students, including predicting patterns, deciphering gibberish, and forming valid conclusions using deductive reasoning. It provides examples of syllogism and deductive reasoning, illustrating how to derive conclusions from given premises. Additionally, it includes evaluation exercises to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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Allen John Bongbonga
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2 views31 pages

Deductive Reasoning

The document outlines activities focused on logic and reasoning for Grade 8 students, including predicting patterns, deciphering gibberish, and forming valid conclusions using deductive reasoning. It provides examples of syllogism and deductive reasoning, illustrating how to derive conclusions from given premises. Additionally, it includes evaluation exercises to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

Allen John Bongbonga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics 8

Quarter 3 – Logic and Reasoning


Activity 1: Prediction
Activity 1: Prediction
Observe the pattern and predict the next number/letter/figure.
Justify your answer.

1. 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000


_______

Multiply 10 from previous number/


Activity 1: Prediction
Activity 1: Prediction
Observe the pattern and predict the next number/letter/figure.
Justify your answer.

36
2. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ______

Perfect square numbers/


Activity 1: Prediction
Activity 1: Prediction
Observe the pattern and predict the next number/letter/figure.
Justify your answer.

S
3. J, F, M, A, M, J, J, A, _____

Initial of the months


Activity 1: Prediction
Activity 1: Prediction
Observe the pattern and predict the next number/letter/figure.
Justify your answer.

4.

Shaded region rotates clock-wise


A. B. C. D.
Activity 1: Prediction
Activity 1: Prediction
Observe the pattern and predict the next number/letter/figure.
Justify your answer.
5.

Triangular numbers
Activity 2: Guess that gibberish
• Guess the correct word that is translated into
gibberish words by reading it aloud multiple
times

Example:
“is bunch pops queer pans”
SPONGEBOB SQUARE PANTS
#1

In the active

Inductive
#2

High potter seize

hypothesis
#3

Cone clue shown

conclusion
#4

Ball lead dee tea

validity
#5

Did act thieve

deductive
“Grade 8 students are well-
mannered.
I am a grade 8 student.
Therefore, I am well-mannered.”
Syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning
where you arrive at a specific conclusion by
examining two other premises or ideas.

Major Premise: Grade 8 students are well-


mannered.
Minor Premise: I am a grade 8 student.
Conclusion: I am well-mannered.
In deductive reasoning we apply the law of
syllogism: Similar to the
If x⟶y transitive property of
equality:
and y ⟶ z If a = b and b = c,
then x⟶z then a = c

Example 1
Plants Aloe
perform
Vera photosynthesis. Aloe Vera is a
performs photosynthesis.
plant. Therefore,
What is the Major Premise? Minor Premise?
Conclusion?
Example 2
Numbers ending with 0 or 5 are divisible by five.
45 is divisible by five.
45 ends with 5. Therefore,

What is the Major Premise? Minor Premise?


Conclusion?
orming a valid conclusion based on the premises

1. Vitamin C strengthens the immune system. Citrus fruits


are a good source of vitamin C.

2. Olongapeños are hospitable, Ezmil is an Olongapeño.

3. All numbers ending in 0 are divisible by 10. The number


120 ends with 0.
Conclusion:
1. Eating citrus fruits can strengthen your immune system.
2. Ezmil is hospitable.
3. The number 120 is divisible by 10.
Given: 5x - 4 = 3x + 16
Prove: x = 10
Statement Reason
1. 5x - 4 = 3x + Given
16
2. 5x = 3x + APE
20
3. 2x = 20 SPE
4. x = 10 DPE
Activity 3: What’s your
conclusion?
Form a valid conclusion based on the given
premises.

The group will be given 30 seconds to answer.

If the group fails to answer within the time


limit or if an incorrect answer was provided,
the following group will have a chance to steal.

Finding the domain and range


1. Major Premise: Numbers ending in 5
are divisible by 5
Minor Premise: 625 ends with 5.
625 is divisible by 5
Conclusion:
2. Major Premise : Three non-
collinear points form a triangle.
Minor Premise: Points A, B, and C are
non-collinear.
Conclusion:Points A, B, and C form a
triangle
3. Major Premise: All right angles are

Minor Premise: ∠1 and ∠2 are right


congruent

angles ∠1 and ∠2 are congruent


Conclusion:Or ∠1 ≅ ∠2
4. Major Premise: All rhombuses
have four equal sides
Minor Premise: A square is a
rhombusSquares have four equal sides.
Conclusion:
5. Major Premise: Even numbers are
divisible by two.
Minor Premise: 26 is divisible by
two. 26 is an even number.
Conclusion:
5. Major Premise: Even numbers are
divisible by two.
Minor Premise: 26 is divisible by two.
26 is an even number.
Conclusion:
6. Major Premise: Reptiles are cold-
blooded animals
Minor Premise: A snake is a reptile
Conclusion:Snakes are cold-blooded
animals
7. Major Premise: No human can fly
Minor Premise: I am a human
Conclusion:I cannot fly
8. Major Premise: Citrus fruits are
rich in vitamin C
Minor Premise: Orange is a citrus
fruit Orange is rich in vitamin C
Conclusion:
Let’s Generalize
How do you define deductive reasoning?

•Deductive Reasoning is the process of showing that


certain statements follow logically from agreed upon
assumptions and proven facts.
• Deductive reasoning is a logical approach where you
progress from general ideas to specific conclusions.
Are you now ready?
Independent work
Evaluation
Suppose that each statement below is true. Use
deductive reasoning to form your conclusion.
1.All trees are living things. Narra is a tree.
2.All quadrilaterals are 4-sided polygons. A kite is a
4-sided polygon.
3.No flower has scales. A fish has scales.
4.All spheres are round. A ball is a sphere.
5.No fish has fingers. I have fingers.

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