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Computer Programming1 Lecture1

The document explains the basic concepts of computers, including their hardware and software components, and the role of computer programs in executing tasks. It outlines the programmer's algorithm for problem-solving, which includes defining the problem, planning, coding, compiling, and testing. Additionally, it discusses the importance of programming languages and compilers in translating human-readable code into machine code that computers can understand.

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Jet Justine Espanola
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

Computer Programming1 Lecture1

The document explains the basic concepts of computers, including their hardware and software components, and the role of computer programs in executing tasks. It outlines the programmer's algorithm for problem-solving, which includes defining the problem, planning, coding, compiling, and testing. Additionally, it discusses the importance of programming languages and compilers in translating human-readable code into machine code that computers can understand.

Uploaded by

Jet Justine Espanola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• What a computer is

• What a computer program is


• The Programmer’s Algorithm
What Is a
• Computer?
Computer
– Executes statements (computations/logical
decisions)
• Hardware :Physical devices of computer
system
• Software: Programs
Central Processing
that run on computers
Unit

Control Unit

Input Output
device Device
Arithmetic/Logic
Unit

Memory Unit My My
data Progam
Computer Organization

• Six logical units of computer system


– Input unit (Mouse, keyboard)
– Output unit (Printer, monitor, audio speakers)
– Memory unit (Retains input and processed
information)
– Central processing unit (CPU) which
consists of:
• Control unit (Supervises operation of other devices)
• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) (Performs
calculations)
– Secondary storage unit (Hard drives, floppy
What a computer program
is?
• For a computer to be able to perform
specific tasks (i.e. print what grade a
student got on an exam), it must be
given instructions to do the task.

• The set of instructions that tells the


computer to perform specific tasks is
known as a computer program
Levels of
Abstraction
• Human thought
• Pseudo-Natural Language (English,
Arabic)
• High Level Programming Language
(C, C++, Java, …)
• Machine Code
The Programmer’s
Algorithm
• An algorithm is a finite
sequence of instructions that
produces a solution to a problem.

• The programmer’s algorithm:


– Define the problem.
– Plan the problem solution.
– Code the program.
– Compile the program.
– Run the program.
– Test and debug the program.
Defining the
• TheProblem
problem must be defined in terms of:
– Input: Data to be processed.
– Output: The expected result.
• Look for nouns in the problem statement that suggest
output and input.
– and processing: The statements to achieve.
• Look for verbs to suggest processing steps.

input data output data

Keyboard Processing Screen


Input and Output
• Inputs
– Can come from many sources, such as
users, files, and other programs
– Can take on many forms, such as text,
graphics, and sound

• Outputs
– Can also take on many forms, such as
numbers, text, graphics, sounds, or
commands to other programs
Example
Area and Perimeter
1 of a
rectangle
• Input
– Length
– width
• Processing
– Area = length*width
– Perimeter = 2*( length +
width)
• Output
– Area
– Perimeter
Example
Sum and 2
Average of 5
numbers
• Input
– five number x1, x2, x3,
x4, x5
• Processing
– Sum = x1+x2+x3+x4+x5
– Average = Sum/5
• Output
– Sum
– Average
Example
Area and3Perimeter of a
circle
• Input
– Radius
– PI
• Processing
– Area = PI * Radius *
Radius
– Perimeter = 2 * PI *
Radius
• Output
– Area
– Perimeter
Planning the Solution

• When planning, algorithms are


used to outline the solution steps
using Englishlike statements,
called pseudocode.
Coding the
• Program
Coding is writing the program in a formal
language called Programming Language.
• Programming Language : A set of rules, symbols and
special words used to write statements.
• The program is written by translating the
algorithm steps into a programming
language statements.
• The written program is called Source code
and it is saved in a file with “.java” extension.
Algorithm
Codin Pseudocode
Translating
g
Progra Source
m Code (The
“.java”)
Why Coding in
Languages
Programming
• We write computer programs (i.e. a set
of instructions) in programming
languages such as C, C++, and Java.

• We use these programming


languages because they are
easily understood by humans

• But then how does the computer


understand the instructions that we
write?
Compiling Computer
Programs
• Computers do not understand
programs written in programming
languages such as C++ and Java
• Programs must first be converted
into machine code that the
computer can run
• A Software that translates a
programming language statements
into machine codeSource
Program is called a
code
compiler Compilin Translating
g
Machine code Machine
Code
Programming Language
Compiler
• A compiler is a software that:
– Checks the correctness of the source
code according to the language
rules.
• Syntax errors are raised if some rules
were violated.
– Translates the source code into a
machine code if no errors were
found.
Platform
dependent
• Because diff erent platforms ,or
Compiling
hardware architectures alongwith
the operating systems (Windows,
Macs, Unix), require diff erent
machine code, you must compile
most programs separately for
each platform.

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