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04PPT

The document outlines a lesson on the system of units and dimensions, focusing on definitions, differentiation of terms, and understanding dimensional equations. It covers the components of a system of units, including base, multiple, and derived units, as well as conversion methods and dimensional homogeneity. Students will learn to define key concepts and apply them in problem-solving scenarios involving units and dimensions.

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Negesso Wakushie
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14 views25 pages

04PPT

The document outlines a lesson on the system of units and dimensions, focusing on definitions, differentiation of terms, and understanding dimensional equations. It covers the components of a system of units, including base, multiple, and derived units, as well as conversion methods and dimensional homogeneity. Students will learn to define key concepts and apply them in problem-solving scenarios involving units and dimensions.

Uploaded by

Negesso Wakushie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson three(…cont.

)
• Lesson topic: System of Unit and
Dimension.
• Lesson Objectives:
 To define unit and dimension.
 To differentiate Scientific figure,
Scientific notation and precision.
 To understand dimensional
homogeneous equation
Lesson three (…cont.)
Lesson Outline
 Definition of value, Units and Dimension
 Scientific figure, notation and precision
 Dimensional homogeneous equation
 Dimensionless equation
Lesson three(…cont.)
• Lesson Outcome
At the end of the lesson, the students will
be able to;
 Define value, Units, and Dimension
 Differentiate dimensional homogenous
equation
 Understand Scientific figure, Notation
and precision.
Lesson three
• Brain storming: Differentiate the
following terms
 Unit
 Dimension
 Value
Lesson three
• Do you understand this
 The Fly Emirates stadium is 4 away from the city
centre.
Or
 The stadium is 15 lengths of my backyard away.
Or
 Please go and buy 3 milks and 1.5 sugar from the
shop.
Lesson three
 A value is the numerical quantity. For example: 5.2

 The units tell what that quantity represents. For example: 5.2
liters.

 The dimensions are the measurable properties that the units


represent(i.e.
Grocery Listlength, time, mass or temperature)
1 carton of milk
1/4 pound burger

value: 0.25 value: 1


unit: carton
unit: pound
dimensions: volume
dimension: mass (length3)
Lesson three
• Values and Units are combined together either
by division or multiplication.
Systems of Units

A system of units has the following components:

1. Base Units - for mass, length, temperature, electrical current,


time, light intensity and amount of substance (mole)

2. Multiple Units - are defined as multiples or fractions of base


units such as minutes, hours, and milliseconds, all of which are
defined in terms of the base unit of second.
Lesson three
 Derived/Compound Units – are obtained in one of two ways:
 By multiplying and/or dividing base and/or multiple units (e.g. cm 2, ft/min, kg.m/s2)

 As defined equivalents of compound units (e.g., 1erg = 1g.cm/s 2, 1lbf =

32.174lbm.ft/s2)

• SI (Systéme International) system of basic units - an international standard


group of units based on the meter (length), second (time), kilogram (mass),
degree Kelvin (temperature), ampere (current), candela (light intensity), and
mole (number of elementary entities).
• CGS system - (centimeters- grams - seconds)

• American Engineering System(AES) - feet (ft), pound-mass(Ibm) & seconds (s)


Lesson three
System of units…
Comparison between AES, SI and CGS systems

Quantity/Dimension AES SI CGS


Lesson three
Some examples of derived/compound units

Volume liter (L) 0.001 m3 = 1000 cm3


Force Newton (N) 1 kg·m/s2
dyne 1 g·cm/s2
Pressure Pascal (Pa) 1 N/m2
Energy/work Joule (J) 1 N·m = 1 kg·m2/s2
erg 1 dyne·cm = 1 g·cm2/s2
Power Watt (W) 1 J/s = 1 kg·m2/s3
Lesson three
• Brainstorming: Remember the CGS unit
of force.
Lesson three
What can we do with units?
Treat units as algebraic entities:
• add/subtract them, if they are of the same units:
* 5 cm – 3 cm + 2.1 cm = 4.1 cm
* 2m – 1cm=????
• multiply/divide them anytime:
* (5.0 kg/s)/(0.20 kg/m3) = 25 m3/s
• inter-convert them (units with same dimension)
Lesson three
• To convert a measured value from one
base unit to another, multiply by the
appropriate conversion factor.

• Conversion Factors within the Same


System of Units
- 12 inches/1 foot - 5280 feet/1 mile
- 1000 grams/1 kilogram - 100 centimetres/1
meter

• Conversion Factors Between Different


Lesson three
• Some important conversions
Lesson three
• How to convert Units to other Units
If a quantity having a compound unit is given and it is required to convert
it to its equivalent in terms of another sets of units, setting up a
dimensional equation is important:
1st. Write the given quantity and its units on the left.
2nd. Write the units of conversion factors that cancel the old units and
replace them with the desired ones.
3rd. Fill in the values of the conversion factors.
4th. Carry out the indicated arithmetic to find the desired value.

Example: Convert 23 lbm·ft/min2 to its equivalent in kg·cm/s2


Lesson three
Solution:
2
lbm· ft lbm· ft 0.453593 kg 100 cm 1 min
23 = 23
min 2
min2 lbm 3.281 ft 60 s
(23)(0.45393)(100)(1) kg·cm
=
(3.281)(3600) s2

= kg·cm
0.088
s2
Lesson three
• Brainstorming what are significant figure,
scientific notation and precision.
Lesson three
• Significant digits/figure= number of digits in
a value that contribute to the degree of
accuracy of the value.
• Scientific notation= a way of writing very
large or very small number.
Lesson three
Dimensional homogeneity
Is when the equations showed the same
units/dimensions on both side.
Lesson three
• Solution
Lesson three
• Dimensional homogeneity…
Solution…
3. Let us introduce new variables D’(m) and t’(min), which can
be related with the old variable as follows:
D’(m) 3.28 ft
D(ft) = = 3.28D’
m

t’(min) 60 s
t(s) = = 60t’
min

D’(m) = 55t’(min) + 1.22 After simplification


Lesson three
• A
Dimensional homogeneity
general procedure for rewriting an equation in terms
of new variables having the same dimensions but
different units:

1. Define new variables (e.g., by affixing primes to the old


variable names) that have the desired units.
2. Write expressions for each old variable in terms of the
corresponding new variable.
3. Substitute these expressions in the original equation and
simplify.
Lesson three
• Dimensionless quantity
 A Dimensionless Quantity can be a pure number (1, 2/3, 5.6)
or a combination of variables with no net dimensions.

Example
Re, specific gravity, M1/M2, and the like
Exponents (such as the 2 in X2), transcendental
functions (such as log, exp =e, and sin), and
arguments of transcendental functions (such as the X
in sinX) must be dimensionless quantities.
Lesson three
• Dimensionless quantity…
Exponents (such as the 2 in X2), transcendental
functions (such as log, exp =e, and sin), and
arguments of transcendental functions (such as the X
in sinX) must be dimensionless quantities.
What is the unit of 1.987 and 1.2*105 in the
following equation if the unit of 20000 is
cal/mol.
Lesson three
Example:
•
Which of these equations is dimensionally
homogeneous?

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