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Week 1 Lecture 01(Introduction, History)

The document outlines the basics of computer applications, including the definition and importance of computers in various aspects of life. It covers the history of computers from ancient devices like the abacus to modern microprocessors, highlighting key developments and milestones in computer technology. Additionally, it discusses the evolution of computer generations from the first to the fifth generation.

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hikmat8093
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2 views

Week 1 Lecture 01(Introduction, History)

The document outlines the basics of computer applications, including the definition and importance of computers in various aspects of life. It covers the history of computers from ancient devices like the abacus to modern microprocessors, highlighting key developments and milestones in computer technology. Additionally, it discusses the evolution of computer generations from the first to the fifth generation.

Uploaded by

hikmat8093
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 01 (Lecture 01)

Course :Computer Applications

Instructor : Ms. Asma


Week 01 Learning objective
What is a Computer?
What is computer

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importance of Computers

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Computers in Our World
Computers are
everywhere
We can find them in
pretty unlikely places
 Family car
 Home appliances
 Smart phones
 Markets
Basic Components of System

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Basic Components of Computer
Every computer has four basic parts, or units:
an input unit such as the keyboard, that feeds information
into the computer
a central processing unit (CPU) that performs the various
tasks of the computer
an output unit , such as a monitor , that displays the results;
a memory that stores information and instructions.
History of Computers
Old Computers
ABACUS
3000 BC: The first calculating device ABACUS was invented in
Egypt .
The abacus is still in use in some countries especially China,
Japan.
Operations

Addition, subtraction, division and
multiplication

Extract square root and cube root
User has to memorize certain rules
Pascaline
Difference Engine
1820s: Charles Babbage

Professor of Mathematics

Cambridge University

With Assistance of Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace
Developed a machine that could store
information, calculate numbers and solve
algebraic expression.
It was a steam powered calculating machine.
Punched Card
1890: Herman Hollerith
 American Inventor
developed devices that were able to
read information which had been
punched into cards automatically
developed a machine called the census machine
 US Census Bureau.
 Capable of reading numbers, characters, and also special symbols.
Analytical Engine

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•Harvard Mark I
1944: Howard Aikens and Grace Hooper
developed an electromechanical machine at IBM
Called Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC)
Called Mark I by Harvard University
Capable of reading numbers, characters, and also special symbols
Built from Switches, Relays, rotating
shafts and clutches
765,000 components
Hundred of meters of wires
Volume
 Length (51ft) X Height (8 ft) x Depth (2 ft)
Weight 4500 kgs
Used decimal number systems
ENIAC
1946 First general purpose electronic computer
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
(ENIAC)
Technology used
 Vacuum tubes 17,468
 Crystal Diodes 7,200
 Relays 1,500
 Transistors 70,000
 Capacitors 10,000
 Hand soldered joints1 million
Weight 27 tons
Volume 100 ft (L) X 8 ft ( H) X 3 ft (D)
Covers 1800 sq. feet
Power consumption 150 kW
Uses punch cards
Averages 5,000 operations
Manchester Mark I
1948
First stored program computer,
Based on Von Neumann architecture
 it can perform about 500 operations per
second and has the first RAM .
It fills a room the size of a small office.
Modern Computers
Intel 4004 Microprocessor
1971 Intel 4004, the world’s
first
commercially available
microprocessor.
four-bit computer containing
2,300
transistors
can perform 60,000
instructions per second.
Designed for use in a calculator
Sells for $200
Altair 880
1975, first
commercially available
microcomputer

64 KB of memory

open 100-line bus structure.

sells for $397 in kit form or
$439 assembled.
Apple I
1976 Steve Wozniak and
Steve Jobs build the Apple I
computer.
 less powerful than the Altair, but
also less expensive and less
complicated.
 Users must connect their own
keyboard and video display, and
 have the option of mounting the
computer’s motherboard in any
container they choose — whether
a metal case, a wooden box, or a
Osborne I
1981 First portable computer, Osborne 1,
produced.
At the size and weight of a sewing machine,
 much less convenient than current portable
computers.
 weighs about 22 pounds
 Two 5.25-inch floppy drives,
 64 KB of RAM, and
 a five-inch monitor but no hard drive.
 based on the z80 processor, runs the CP/M operating
system,
and sells for $1,795.
 The Osborne 1 comes with WordStar (a word
processing application) and Super-Calc (a
spreadsheet application).
o It is a huge success.
IBM PC
1981, IBM introduces
the IBM-PC
 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 CPU,
 16 KB of memory,
 a keyboard, a monitor,
 one or two 5.25-inch floppy
drives, and A price tag of
$2,495
Apple
1984 Apple Macintosh
computer becomes first
successful personal computer
with a mouse and easy to use
Graphic User Interface (GUI).
Steve Jobs and his ingenious
Macintosh team arranged for the
computer to be used by the
normal “person in the street” –
and not only by experts.
Computers Generation
Computer Generations

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Generation of Computers

1980
1st generation

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2nd Generation

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3rd Generation

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4th Generation

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5th Generation

03/15/2025

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