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Hardware Software

The document explains the distinction between hardware and software in computers, defining hardware as the physical components and software as the instructions that control hardware functions. It details types of software, including system software (operating systems, device drivers, utility software, language processors) and application software (general-purpose and specialized). Additionally, it describes the roles of language processors such as interpreters, compilers, and assemblers in translating high-level programming languages into machine code.

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10 views20 pages

Hardware Software

The document explains the distinction between hardware and software in computers, defining hardware as the physical components and software as the instructions that control hardware functions. It details types of software, including system software (operating systems, device drivers, utility software, language processors) and application software (general-purpose and specialized). Additionally, it describes the roles of language processors such as interpreters, compilers, and assemblers in translating high-level programming languages into machine code.

Uploaded by

hikmat8093
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hardware or Computer

Hardware &
Software or Computer
•Software
Hardware:
• Hardware refers to the physical and touchable parts of the computer.
These are the main electronic components that make up a computer.
Computer hardware is made up of interconnected electronic devices
that can be used to control the functioning, input, and output of a
computer.
• Storage Devices, monitors, printers, processors, keyboards, and the
Mouse are the most common examples of Hardware.
Hardware or Computer
Hardware &
Software or Computer
•Software
Software:
• Software is a set of instructions that instructs the Hardware how to
perform its functions. Software is often called a computer program.
The majority of software must be installed on the physical disk before
being utilized. However, some can be loaded directly into memory
from the storage media.
• Software instructions are written in a computer language, then
translated into machine code and executed by the computer.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
• There are two types of software:
• System Software
• Application Software
• System Software
• A collection of programs that operate and control a computer system is
known as system software. One or more of the following tasks can be
performed by system software:
• Supports the development of different software applications.
• Supports the operation of other software applications.
• Monitors how well certain hardware resources are being used.
• Control the process of peripheral devices by communicating with them.
• System software consists of operating systems, device drivers, and language
processors.
Application Software
• Application software
• Application software is a type of software that can be used to
accomplish a wide range of tasks other than one relating to operation
of computer itself, typically to be used by end-users. It isn’t restricted
to a single function. It helps in the solving of real-world problems.
• Enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics
software, media players, and much more are examples of application
software.
• Note: A software suit is a group of software applications with related
functionality. Inventory control applications, Payroll Management
applications, organizations application portals, Bank applications etc.
Difference Between Hardware & Software

• See on the difference


Types OF System Software
• It has the following types:
• a. Operating System
• b. Device Driver
• c. Utility Software
• d. Language Processor
a. Operating System
• It is a set of programs that manages and
coordinates the hardware of a computer
and provides services to application
software, programmers and users of
computer.
• Without OS a computer cannot do
anything.
• Android
• iOS
• Linux
• Mac OS
• MS Windows
• Ubuntu
• DOS
• Unix
b. Device Driver
• A program that control controls a particular type of device attached to a
computer.
• A device does not work without its device driver.
• Most of the hardware comes with pre-installed drivers in it.
• However, if the device is new to the system, then the user may have to
download the drivers.
• There are device drivers for keyboard, mouse, printers, CD-ROM,
monitors etc.
c. Utility software
• A software programs that add functionality to your computer or help
your computer perform better.
• It is designed to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the
computer.
• Most operating system comes with pre-installed utilities software.
• Antivirus, Disk Defragmentation, Disk Cleaner, Backup utility etc.
d. Language Processor
• Language processor or translator is a type of system software that translates a source
program (other than machine language) into an object program (Machine language).
• What is Source Code/Program?
• When we write code using a High-Level Language (i.e., C, C++), that code is known as
source code.
• So, in simple words, source code is a piece of code written in English-like languages (High-
Level languages) like C++, Java, Python, and more.
• What is Object Code/Program?
• When our written code (i.e., the source code) is translated to the machine language, then
that translated code is known as object code or program.
• Why Use Language Processor?
• The machine only understands binary language (i.e., 0s and 1s). How will the compiler
understand the code when we write code in English-like languages?
• The answer is simple “Language Processor.”
• The language processor translates the high-level source code to low-level object code.
Why Use Language Processor?
• For example:
• You only understand the English language; when a person comes to you and
starts speaking to you in Chinese, will you understand?
• Of course NO! Because you don’t know Chinese. You need a third person
who will translate Chinese for you.
• In the same way, the machine only understands the binary language. If we
write code in a high-level language (English-like Languages), the machine
will not understand unless translated.
• So, a language processor simply translates the high-level language to a low-
level language.
• Now! I hope you’ve understood what a Language Processor is.
Types of Language Processor:
• There are 3 types of language processor.
• Interpreter:
• An interpreter is a language processor that converts a high-level language
program line by line (statement by statement) and executes the prescribed
actions in the sequence.
• It converts one program statement into machine language, executes it, and
then proceeds to the following statement.
• BASIC, LISP, Smalltalk, PHP, and PERL are examples of interpreter-based
languages.
Compiler:
• A compiler is a language processor
that converts source code (written
by a programmer in a high-level
language such as Java) into
machine-language instructions that
the machine can understand.
• A compiler is an extensive language
processor with error-checking and
other abilities. Examples of
languages that use compilers
include COBOL, FORTRAN, C/C++,
JAVA, and more.
Assembler:
• An assembler is a translator used to translate an assembly language
program into a machine language program for later execution.
• In assembly language, Mnemonics were used. Mnemonics means
symbolic code.
• Note: Assembly language instructions use abbreviations called
mnemonics. An example of a mnemonic assembly language
instruction is LDA 50 which stores the value 50 into register of the
CPU.
• Mnemonics are easier for humans to rememeber and understand
than binary machine code of a program.
The software designed to perform common information processing jobs for end user. It is
called packages or commercial software. A single software performs a wide variety of tasks
for a wide range of people. Such software fulfill the general needs of end-users.
As it can be used for a number of different tasks, so attracts a lot of users, and therefore, it
can be sold at quite a low price.
It is divided into the following categories.
i. Productivity software.
ii. Business Software
iii. Entertainment software
iv. Education software.
b. Special Purpose or Customized
Application Software
• The software created/designed to meet a specific need of end-user.
• It performs only one specific task for which it has been designed.
• To fulfill the need of large organization it may be extremely complex and
takes a lot of time to develop.
• It is more expensive than general purpose software, because it will only be
purchased by the users who need the particular functionality.
• Examples:
•

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