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Statistics and Probability-WEEK2

The document provides an overview of statistics and probability, focusing on random variables, particularly normal random variables and their distributions. It explains the characteristics of normal distributions, including the empirical rule that describes the percentage of data within standard deviations from the mean. The importance of normal distribution in various fields such as research and business analysis is also highlighted.

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darlenecajes
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6 views25 pages

Statistics and Probability-WEEK2

The document provides an overview of statistics and probability, focusing on random variables, particularly normal random variables and their distributions. It explains the characteristics of normal distributions, including the empirical rule that describes the percentage of data within standard deviations from the mean. The importance of normal distribution in various fields such as research and business analysis is also highlighted.

Uploaded by

darlenecajes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Statistics and

Probability
PICK-A-DOOR
WHAT IS
STATISTICS
AND
PROBABILITY?
WHAT IS
DISCRETE
RANDOM
VARIABLE?
WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE
S BETWEEN
QUALITATIVE
AND
QUANTITATIV
E VARIABLE?
WHAT IS
RANDOM
VARIABLE?
WHAT IS
CONTINUOUS
RANDOM
VARIABLE?
What Is Normal?
Scientific researchers have decided on a so-
called normal interval for someone’s blood pressure,
cholesterol, triglycerides (fatty oils), and so forth.
For example, a person’s normal interval of
systolic blood pressure is 110 to 140, and a person’s
triglycerides are from 30 to 200 milligrams per
deciliter (mg/dl).
What is Normal Random
Variable?

Random variables can be either discrete or


continuous.
a discrete random variable cannot assume all
values between any two given values that are
countable.
Continuous random variables can assume all
values between any two given values and they are
measurable.
Examples of continuous variables:
 blood pressure
 level of cholesterol
 level of triglycerides
 birth weights
 heights of adult men
 body temperatures, and many more.
a continuous random variable
X whose distribution has the shape
of a normal curve is called a
normal random variable.
Normal Distributions
The normal distribution is a continuous,
symmetric, bell-shaped distribution of a random
variable. Normal Distribution is also known as a
bell curve or a Gaussian distribution, named for
the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss
(1777–1855), who derived the formula/equation
for normal distribution.
Shapes of Normal
Distributions

Each normally distributed variable has its


normal distribution curve, which depends
on the values of two parameters; the mean
and standard deviation. The larger the
standard deviation, the more dispersed, or
spread out, the distribution is.
 The figures below illustrate different normal distributions described by their means
and standard deviations.
Characteristics of a Normal
Distribution

1. A normal distribution curve is bell-shaped.


2. The mean, median, and mode are equal and are located at the center of the
distribution.
3. A normal distribution curve is unimodal (i.e., it has only one mode).
4. The curve is symmetric about the mean (its shape is the same on both sides of a
vertical line passing through the center).
5. The curve is continuous; that is, there are no gaps or holes.
6. The curve never touches the x axis (asymptotic to x-axis - no matter how far in either
direction the curve extends, it never meets the x axis—but it gets closer and closer to x-
axis).
7. The total area under a normal distribution curve is equal to 1.00, or 100%
The Empirical (Normal)
Rule

When a distribution is bell-shaped (or what is called normal), the


areas under the normal curve are determined by the empirical rule.
• Approximately 68% of the data values will fall within 1 standard
deviation of the mean.
• Approximately 95% of the data values will fall within 2 standard
deviations of the mean.
• Approximately 99.7% of the data values will fall within 3 standard
deviations of the mean
 The normal distribution is the most important probability
distribution in statistics because it fits many natural
phenomena. It is so important that it is easy for
mathematical statisticians to work with. This means that
many kinds of statistical tests can be derived for normal
distributions.

 Normal Curve has great significance in mental


measurement, educational evaluation, business analysis,
research, and many more. It gives important information
about the trait being measured and guides us in making
crucial decisions in real-life situations
 Directions: Use the Empirical rule to complete the following
table. Write in the respective column the range or interval of
the scores based on the given parameters. You may
construct a normal curve to help you answer the activity.
The first two items item are done for you.
ASSIGNMENT!!

Direction: in a ½ crosswise sheet of paper, answer the following questions below.

Apply the empirical rule and illustrate your answer through a normal curve.
1. The IQ scores of the Senior High School students in Tagum City Division are
normally distributed with a mean of 110 and a standard deviation of 10.

a. What percent of the distribution falls within the IQ scores of 100 to 130?
b. What percent of the distribution falls within the IQ scores of 90 to 140?

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