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NPS-Session 15 Subnetting

The session aims to familiarize students with subnetting concepts, including the need for subnetting and how to divide networks into subnets. It covers subnet masks, hierarchical addressing in IPv4, and provides examples of address allocation by an ISP. By the end of the session, students should understand subnetting and be able to solve related problems.

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38 views24 pages

NPS-Session 15 Subnetting

The session aims to familiarize students with subnetting concepts, including the need for subnetting and how to divide networks into subnets. It covers subnet masks, hierarchical addressing in IPv4, and provides examples of address allocation by an ISP. By the end of the session, students should understand subnetting and be able to solve related problems.

Uploaded by

salix79143
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NETWORK PROTOCOLS &

SECURITY
23EC2210 R/A/E
Topic:
SUBNETTING

Session – 15
AIM OF THE SESSION

To familiarize students with the concepts of Subnetting.

INSTRUCTIONAL
OBJECTIVES

This Session is designed to:


1. Describe the need for subnetting.
2. Describe the concepts of subnetting.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this session, you should be able to:


1. Understand the need for subnetting.
2. Divided the network into different subnets.
AGENDA
 Subnetting

 Subnet mask

 Subnetting problems

3
SUBNETTING

• Subnetting is the process of creating a subnetwork (also known


as a subnet) within a network.

• Network interfaces and devices within a subnet can communicate with


each other directly.

• Routers facilitate communication between different subnets.


In subnetting, a network is divided into several smaller subnetworks
(subnets) with each subnetwork having its own subnetwork address.
SUBNETTING…
THREE LEVEL ADDRESSING: SUBNET MASK

• Subnetting increases the length of the netid and decreases the length of
hostid.
• When we divide a network to s number of subnetworks, each subnet will
have equal numbers of the Hosts.
SUBNET MASK TABLE
HIERARCHY IN AN IPV4 ADDRESS
TWO LEVELS OF HIERARCHY IN AN IPV4 ADDRESS
Each address in the block can be
considered as a two-level
hierarchical structure:
the leftmost n bits (prefix) define
the network;
the rightmost 32 − n bits define
the host.
CONFIGURATION AND ADDRESSES IN A SUBNETTED NETWORK
THREE-LEVEL HIERARCHY IN AN IPV4 ADDRESS
EXAMPLE

An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 190.100.0.0/16


(65,536 addresses). The ISP needs to distribute these addresses to
three groups of customers as follows:
a. The first group has 64 customers; each needs 256
addresses.
b. The second group has 128 customers; each needs 128 addresses.
c. The third group has 128 customers; each needs 64
addresses.
Design the subblocks and find out how many
addresses are still available after these allocations.
EXAMPLE
(CONTINUED)

Group 1
For this group, each customer needs 256 addresses. This means that 8
(log2 256) bits are needed to define each host. The prefix length is then 32
− 8 = 24. The addresses are
EXAMPLE
(CONTINUED)
Group 2
For this group, each customer needs 128 addresses. This means that
7 (log2 128) bits are needed to define each host. The prefix length is
then 32 − 7 = 25. The addresses are
EXAMPLE
(CONTINUED)
Group 3
For this group, each customer needs 64 addresses. This means that 6
(log264) bits are needed to each host. The prefix length is then 32 − 6
= 26. The addresses are

Number of granted addresses to the ISP: 65,536


Number of allocated addresses by the ISP:
40,960 Number of available addresses: 24,576
AN EXAMPLE OF ADDRESS ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION BY AN ISP
EXAMPLE-1

• Assume Class-C Address 198.151.15.10. Say the network is divided into 4 subnets. Calculate the
subnet mask. Identify the subnet id, broadcast id, first three and last three host addresses of each
subnet.
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE-2

• Divide the network into two subnets using variable length subnetting for the network
192.10.25.130/26 give the first host ID, last host ID, Subnet mask and network address.
SOLUTION
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE
SESSION
Reference Books:

1. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan, 4 th Edition,


McGraw Hill.
2. Computer Networks, Tanenbaum, 6th Edition, Pearson.

Sites and Web links:

CISCO Academy
NPTEL, Computer Networks and Internet Protocols, Prof. Soumya Kanti Ghosh,
Prof. Sandip Chakraborty IIT Kharagpur. (https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105183)

23
THANK YOU

Team – Networks Protocols & Security

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