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Cells Review

The document provides an overview of the levels of biological organization, ranging from cells to the biosphere, and describes the characteristics of each level. It also compares plant and animal cells, highlighting their similarities and differences, including specific structures like cell walls, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. Additionally, it includes exercises and important terms related to cell biology and organization.

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Cristian Joel P. Delos Santos
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13 views62 pages

Cells Review

The document provides an overview of the levels of biological organization, ranging from cells to the biosphere, and describes the characteristics of each level. It also compares plant and animal cells, highlighting their similarities and differences, including specific structures like cell walls, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. Additionally, it includes exercises and important terms related to cell biology and organization.

Uploaded by

Cristian Joel P. Delos Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prayer

There are varied


kinds of living
things inhabiting
the earth. Minute
or big, living
organisms are
connected to one
Task: WORD SCRAMBLES
Directions:
👥Rearrange the letters in the
correct order to form a word
associated to levels of
biological organization. Use
the given picture as clue.
Write your answer on the
LELC

🗣CELL
IOBSEPRH 🗣BIOSPHERE
SITUES
S

TISSUE
S
METYSSOC 🗣ECOSYSTEM
ORNAG
🗣ORGAN
TYUNIMCO 🗣COMMUNITY
LELC

🗣CELL
LELC

🗣CELL
LELC

🗣CELL
Biological
Organization:
Cell to
Biosphere
Grade 8 Science 4th
Quarter Week 2
Review
CELL
A cell is the basic unit
of life. There are two
kinds of cells: plant
cells, which have a rigid
cell wall made of
cellulose molecules,
and animal cells, which
have flexible cell
membranes.
TISSUE
Tissue is made of cells
that work together to
perform a certain task.
Muscle tissue,
connective tissue, and
neural tissue are some
types of tissue.
Histologists are an
example of biologists
ORGAN
An organ is a system of
tissues that work together
on a larger scale to do
certain jobs within an
animal's body. Examples of
organs are the brain, heart,
and lungs. Anatomy is an
example of biology
especially concerned with
this level.
ORGAN SYSTEM
An organ system is a group
of organs that work together
to perform specific bodily
functions. The respiratory
system, for example, uses
the lungs, airways and
respiratory muscles to inhale
oxygen and release carbon
dioxide in animals.
Physiologists study the
function of parts of the body
ORGANISM
An organism is a
recognizable, self-contained
individual. Organisms can be
unicellular organisms such
as bacteria or amoebae, or
multi-cellular organisms
comprised of organs and
organ systems. A human
being is an example of a
multi-cellular organism.
POPULATION
A population is a group of
multiple organisms of the
same species within a
specific area. For example, a
pride of lions in Kenya,
Africa, is a population.
COMMUNITY
A community consists of all the different species
within a certain area. The population of lions in Kenya,
plus the populations of gazelles, giraffes, elephants,
dung beetles, and all other species in that area, add
up to a community.
ECOSYSTEM
An ecosystem is made up of
all the communities in a
certain area, as well as all
the non-living, physical
components of the
environment. Rocks, water
and dirt are a part of an
ecosystem. Ecologists may
study populations,
communities, or whole
ecosystems.
BIOSPHERE
The biosphere is all of the
ecosystems on Earth added
together. Every animal,
plant,
bacteria, rock, and molecule
is a part of the Earth's
biosphere. Non-biologists,
such as
meteorologists and
geologists, may join
biologists to answer
Task: Apply what you have
Directions: Complete the table on the
learned
next page.
Column 1 - Write the different levels of
biological organization and arrange it
from simple to the most complex
Column 2 - In your own words,
describe each level of biological
organization
Column 3 - Provide one example in
words or illustration for each level of
LEVELS OF
BIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
ORGANIZATION
Important Terms:
Biology - defined as the science of life.
Levels of Biological Organization - are
structures in nature, usually defined by
part-whole relationships, with things at
higher levels being composed of things at
the next lower level
Multicellular – an organism having or
consisting of many cells
Unicellular – also known as single-celled
organism, that consisting of a single cell
Exercise: ¼ sheet of paper
Plant and
Animal
Cells
Grade 8 Science 4th
Quarter Week 2
Review
Task: 🔍 Which is the ODD
ONE OUT (Different)?
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
ANIMA
L CELL
PLANT
CELL
STRUCTURE OF A
CELL
The cells of animals, plants, and other
organisms have three basic structures:
● Cell membrane – the outer boundary
of the cell.
● Nucleus – It controls most of the
activities of the cell.
● Cytoplasm – The gelatinous liquid
between cell boundary and nucleus.
CELL MEMBRANE
The cell membrane or plasma membrane
surrounds the cell's contents and separates
it from other cells and the environment. It
also controls the entry of materials in and
out of the cell.
NUCLEUS
Mostly found at the center is a large, round,
membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. As the
"control center" of the cell, the nucleus contains
instructions for all of the cell's activities. These
instructions are stored inside the chromosomes.
CYTOPLASM
A jelly-like structure where the cell's
contents, such as organelles, are
embedded.
ORGANELLES
Organelles
are the
specialized
structure
that
performs
specific
functions
MITOCHONDRIA
As you enter the cytoplasm, you might bump into
sausage-shaped bodies called mitochondria. Commonly
called the "powerhouses" of the cell, they turn the
chemicals from food into energy that the cells can use.
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Within the cytoplasm, we can find a network of canals
called the endoplasmic reticulum. It extends from the
nucleus to the cell membrane, takes up quite a lot of
space in some cells, and produces essential lipids and
proteins.
RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes are tiny particles that serve as protein
factories found in the cytoplasm and on the
endoplasmic reticulum.
In a manufacturing business, products are packaged
and moved to a loading center to be carried away.
GOLGI BODIES
Structures called Golgi bodies are the packaging and
releasing centers of the cell.
LYSOSOME
A structure called lysosome contains chemicals that digest
wastes and worn out/damaged cell parts. When a cell dies,
chemicals in the lysosomes act to quickly break down the
cell, but in a healthy cell, the membrane around the
lysosome keeps it from breaking down the cell itself. Cells
of a plant do not have lysosomes.
VACUOLES
Vacuoles are storage areas in cells, and they may store
water, food, or waste products. It also helps maintain
water balance in plant cells. In animal cells, vacuoles
are small.
Task: Spot the Pattern
Direction:
👥 Compare the two sets of images and

answer the following questions.


🎯 Answer the following questions:
1. From what organism does
group A belong?
2. How about in group B?
3. What can you say about
the cells in group A
compared to group B?
Similarities and Differences of Plant
and Animal Cells
Plant cells
● Have cell walls and chloroplasts that
are not found in the cells of an animal.
● The cell wall is made of stiff material
that forms the outermost part of the
plant cell, and it gives shape and
protection to them.
Similarities and Differences of Plant
and Animal Cells
Plant cells
● As you recall, plants make their own
food. Chloroplasts are important
structure in plant cells because it is
where food is made. It contains the
green pigment called chlorophyll,
which absorbs energy from the sun to
make plants' food.
Similarities and Differences of Plant
and Animal Cells
● Vacuoles are both present in plant and
animal cells.
● In plant cells, they occupy more than
half of the cell space, and it plays a
role in storing nutrients and increasing
cell size. Some plant vacuoles contain
toxic substances. Vacuoles also store
water to provide support for plants to
stand upright and to maintain its
Similarities and Differences of Plant
and Animal Cells
● Animal cells have smaller vacuoles called vesicles.
They serve as storage of food and water and also
function in the excretion of waste materials.
● Centrioles are only found in animal cells. They
have a role in cell reproduction.
Task: Compare and
Direction:
Contrast
👥 Using the different cell parts
inside the box, construct a
Venn diagram to show the
similarities and differences of
plant and animal cell.
Cell Golgi bodies Ribosome
membrane
Chloroplast Endoplasmic Large
Reticulum vacuole
Cell wall Centriole Small
vacuole
Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria
Reflection: In ½ sheet of
Ipaper
have learned that…

I wish to ask my teacher about…


Important Terms:
Cell Membrane – a protective layer
surrounding the cell that controls what
enters and leaves the cell. (both plant
and animal cell have this)
Cell wall – a stiff outer layer that
surrounds a plant cell, protects it, and
gives it its shape
Chloroplasts – organelles, found only in
plant cells, in which sugar is made
during photosynthesis
Important Terms:
Chromosomes – structures in the
nucleus that contain an organism’s
genetic information and regulate the
cell’s activities
Cytoplasm – a clear, jellylike substance
that holds the organelles in place
DNA – the abbreviation for
deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical
that provides detailed instructions for
Important Terms:
Mitochondrion – a bean shaped organelle that
goes through a process which releases energy
in order for the cell to complete all its
activities
Nucleus – the control center of a cell that
directs the cell’s activities
Organelle – the structure in plant and animal
cells that perform specific functions
Photosynthesis – is the process in which plant
cells convert water and carbon dioxide in the
presence of sunlight to sugar and water,

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