Internet
• The Internet is a massive network of networks, a
networking infrastructure.
• It connects millions of computers together globally.
• Forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer.
• Information that travels over the Internet through
protocols.
World Wide Web
• A system of internet servers that support specially
formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a
markup language called HTML that supports links to
other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video
files.
• Web Browser like “Netscape Navigator” and “Microsoft's
Internet Explorer” make it easy to access the World Wide
Web.
Difference
Internet WWW
Network of networks, in WWW is a way of
which millions of accessing information
computers are connects over the medium of the
together globally, forming Internet.
a network in which any The Web uses the HTTP
computer can protocol.
communicate with other
computer.
Understanding Web Server
and Web Browser
It’s important to get
an understanding of
the roles of the Web
server and Web
browser before
starting your Web
development
Understanding Web Server
and Web Browser
The Web browser initiates a request for a
Web server resource.
HTTP is used to send the GET request to the
Web server.
The Web server processes the request.
The Web server sends a response to the Web
browser. HTTP protocol is used to
send the HTTP response to the Web browser.
The Web browser processes the response,
displaying the Web page.
Understanding Web Server
and Web Browser
Understanding Web Server
and Web Browser
The user enters data and performs an action,
such as clicking a Submit button that causes the
data to be sent back to the Web server.
HTTP is used to POST the data back to the
server.
The Web server processes the data.
The Web server sends the response back to the
Web browser.
The Web browser processes the response,
displaying the Web page.
Markup Language
• A markup language gives extra information about a
piece of text. For example <B> means bold in the HTML
language. <B> is a markup tag.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) 1991
Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for
tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and
hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
What is an HTML File?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display
the page
An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
An HTML tags are case-insensitive
Note: If you want to follow the latest web standards, you
should always use lowercase tags.
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of page</title>
</head>
<body> This is my first homepage.
<b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>
Example Explanation
The first tag in your HTML document is <html>. This tag tells
your browser that this is the start of an HTML document. The last
tag in your document is </html>. This tag tells your browser that
this is the end of the HTML document.
The text between the <head> tag and the </head> tag is header
information. Header information is not displayed in the browser
window.
The text between the <title> tags is the title of your document.
The title is displayed in your browser's caption.
The text between the <body> tags is the text that will be
displayed in your browser.
The text between the <b> and </b> tags will be displayed in a
bold font.
Tags Attributes
Tags can have attributes. Attributes provide additional information to
an HTML element. e.g. <table border="0">
Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this:
name="value".
Attributes are always specified in the start tag of an HTML
element.
Attributes and attribute values are also case-insensitive.
Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double
style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are
also allowed.
In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself
contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:
name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the
smallest heading.
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
<h4>This is a heading</h4>
<h5>This is a heading</h5>
<h6>This is a heading</h6>
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and
after a heading.
Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and
after a paragraph.
Line Breaks
The <br> tag is used when you want to end a line, but don't
want to start a new paragraph.
<p>I <br> Love <br>Pakistan</p>
Note: The <br> tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.
Comments in HTML
The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML
source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser.
<!-- This is a comment -->
HTML Formatting
<b> Web Engineering</b>
<strong>
Web
Engineering
<i>
Web Engineering</i>
<em>
Web
Engineering
