System Analysis and
Design:
By
Salisu Ibrahim Yusuf
Module 1: Introduction
Objectives:
Information systems
B2C and B2B
Business models
…
Information Technology IT
Refers to the combination of hardware, software, and services that
people use to manage, communicate, and share information.
Business success depends on information technology.
IT and Globalization.
IT is very dynamic and fast evolving
System analysis and Design
Systems analysis and design is a step-by-step process for developing
high-quality information systems.
An information system combines technology, people, and data to
provide support for business functions such as order processing,
inventory control, human resources, accounting, and many more.
Some information systems handle routine day-to-day tasks, while others
can help managers make better decisions, spot marketplace trends, and
reveal patterns that might be hidden in stored data.
Who is a System Analyst
A systems analyst is a valued member of the IT department team who
helps plan, develop, and maintain information systems.
Essential skills: Analysts must be excellent communicators with strong
analytical and critical thinking skills.
System analyst bridges between technology and business.
Information System
System is a set of related component that produces specific results.
Systems that vital to business operation are considered mission-critical
Component:
Hardware
Software
Data
Process
People
Internet Business Strategies
The internet Model: Electronic Commerce e-commerce
B2C: Business-to-Customer. Cutting out the middle man Ex Airbnb.
B2B:
Modelling Business Operations
Systems analysts use modeling to represent company operations and
information needs. Modeling produces a graphical representation of a
concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and
modify
Business Profile: vision, mission, and function of business
Business Model: description of information from business
Business Process: Documentable transaction:
Business Process Model GPM: used graphical tools like: Lucidchart,
Business Information Systems
Information systems are identified based on users:
Admin: office systems
Operation: Operational Systems
Managers: decision support system
Top; Executive information system
Enterprise Computing: ex. ERP (Enterprise resource Planning)
Transaction Processing
Business support
Knowledge Management; User Productivity
Digital assets and System Integration
Organisational
Information Model
Corporate organizational
structure has changed
considerably in recent
years.
to increase productivity,
many companies reduced
the number of
management levels and
delegated responsibility to
operational personnel
Top Managers: Top managers develop long-range plans, called strategic plans,
which define the com pany’s overall mission and goals.
Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers: Middle managers provide direction,
necessary resources, and performance feedback to supervisors and team leaders
middle managers need more detailed information than top managers but less than
supervisors
Knowledge workers include systems analysts, programmers, accountants,
researchers, trainers, human resource specialists, and other professionals.
Knowledge workers also use business support systems, knowledge management
systems, and user productivity systems. Knowledge workers provide support for
the organization’s basic functions
Supervisors and Team Leaders: Supervisors, often called team leaders, oversee
operational employees and carry out day-to-day functions.
Operational employees include users who rely on transaction processing systems
to enter and receive data they need to perform their jobs.
System Development
Many options exist for developing information systems, but the most
popular alternatives are structured analysis, which is a traditional
method that still is widely used, object-oriented (O-O) analysis, which is
a more recent approach that many analysts prefer, and agile methods,
which include the latest trends in software development.
Most projects utilize one approach,
systems developers to mix and match methods to gain a better
perspective.
Project management is the process of planning, scheduling, monitoring,
controlling, and reporting upon the development of an information
system
Comparison of structured, object-oriented,
and agile development methods.
Comparison of structured, object-oriented,
and agile development methods. Cont’d
Structured Analysis
Structured analysis is a traditional systems development technique that
is time tested and easy to understand.
Also called the predictive approach or process centered approach
Structured analysis uses a series of phases, called the
systems development life cycle (SDLC), to plan, analyze, design,
implement, and support an information system
Structured analysis uses a set of process models to describe a system
graphically.
System Analysis and Design
SDLC
The SDLC describes activities and functions that all systems
developers perform.
Waterfall
Iterative Models
The SDLC model usually includes five steps
SYSTEMS PLANNING PHASE: Initiates the system process
through requests. It includes preliminary investigation which
mostly includes feasibility studies.
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: build a logical model of the new system.
requirements engineering is done furthering investigation to
understand facts.
SYSTEMS DESIGN: create a physical model that will satisfy all
documented requirements for the system
SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION: programs are written, tested, and
documented, and the system is installed
SYSTEMS SUPPORT AND SECURITY: maintains, enhances, and
protects the system
Further Reading
Object Oriented analysis
Agile Methods
Prototyping
