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Prentation Types Forms of Government

The document outlines various systems and forms of government, distinguishing between how power is shared (federal, confederal, unitary) and how governments rule (monarchy, democracy, socialism, communism, oligarchy, autocracy). It provides examples of each system and form, illustrating their characteristics and historical contexts. Key concepts include the distribution of power, the role of citizens in governance, and the ideological foundations of different government types.

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7 views55 pages

Prentation Types Forms of Government

The document outlines various systems and forms of government, distinguishing between how power is shared (federal, confederal, unitary) and how governments rule (monarchy, democracy, socialism, communism, oligarchy, autocracy). It provides examples of each system and form, illustrating their characteristics and historical contexts. Key concepts include the distribution of power, the role of citizens in governance, and the ideological foundations of different government types.

Uploaded by

amym95352
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Systems, Types, & Forms of

Government
Systems v. Forms of Government

Systems – how power Forms – how the


& policies are shared governments rule –
(or not) within a ideology on how
state / country best to govern
Systems of Government
Systems of Government: describe how power is
distributed between the levels of government
Systems of Government
Three systems of government you need to know:
Federal, Confederal, & Unitary
Systems v. Forms of Government
Confederation, or a confederal system, has a loose
relationship with the central government
Least common system

Usually a weak / minimal central


or national government

Power lies in the local


governments (states, regions, or
provinces)
Confederal System

The states tell the national government what to do!


Confederal System
The United States started out as a confederation –
1776 - 1787
Examples:

• U.S. under Articles of


Confederation

• The Confederation during


the Civil War

• The European Union


Confederal System
Confederation: is loose union of independent
states.
Belgium:

Two independent
states:

Flanders in North,
Wallonia in the
South
Federal System
Federal System: the central or national
government & state or regional
governments share power
The U.S. Federal System

Mr. Raymond’s
Social studies
academy

In the U.S. federal system, the people elect their national


government representatives and their state government
representatives
Worldwide Federal Systems
Federal System: the federal system of
government is not unique to the United States
Examples:

United States: 50 states /


1 central
Argentina: 23 provinces / 1
Germany: 16 states / 1
India: 29 States, 7 provinces
Nigeria: 36 states / 1
Russia: 46 oblasts, 21
republics / one central
Ex: Germany
Federal System: the central government & state governments share power

Citizens elect
officials at the
various levels
of
government
Angela Merkel, former Horst Seehofer, Federal
Chancellor of Germany Minister of Bavaria (similar to
(executive, like a president) a governor)
Unitary System of Government
Unitary System: the central government has
all power and delegates to lower levels
Unitary System of Government
Unitary System:
examples – England,
France, Italy
Parliamentary System: a parliamentary system is not
about power between the different levels, but about
choosing the executive for the national government.
Parliamentary System: the executive (prime minister,
president) is chosen by the legislature
Voters Voters

Executive Legislative Legislative Executive

Presidential System Parliamentary System


Parliamentary System: Prime Minister is a
member of the Parliament. Example: England
Parliamentary System:

Prime Minister, Winston Churchill


Part II: Forms of Government
Forms or types of
Government:
● how governments
operate
● who holds the
power

● and how they are


organized
Forms: Monarchy
Monarchy: Rule by King or Queen
Absolute Monarch: peak 17th / 18th c. Europe. Constitutional Monarch: Monarch more of a
Monarch maintains all governing power ceremonial role, delegating power to the
legislature

King Charles III of England at the 80th D-Day Aniversary


English Government

Constitutional Monarchy
Form: Absolute Monarchy
Monarchy: Rule by a King or Queen
Absolute Monarchy – today: Saudi Arabia – royal
family has absolute power

Hereditary Rule – passed down to eldest male


Democracy: means - Rule by the People
Form: Types of Democracies
Direct Democracy – people Representative Democracy /
vote on laws & policies Republic: people choose leaders
themselves to create policy

Example: Ancient Athens Example: United States


U.S. Republic (form) / Federal System
Democracy: Direct Democracy in a Republic
Some states have “direct democracy” aspects in a republican form of government
Examples:
Referendum: states ask the people to vote on proposals
Initiatives: states allow people to gather signatures to place a proposal on the ballot

Example: Referendum Example: Initiative


Form: Socialism
Socialism: the government often takes an active role in
the economy and controlling business

Gained popularity in the U.S. during the 2nd Industrial Revolution –


let the workers gain their share of wealth
Socialism Today:
Modern-day socialism seeks to balance market economies
with social welfare policies to reduce inequality, ensure
basic needs are met, and promote collective
ownership or regulation of key industries.
Socialism Today:
Socialist parties still exist in Europe & the United States.

Norwegian Socialist Left Party Party of European Socialist The French Socialist Party
Socialist variety: Socialist parties, policies, & states do not all
share the same ideals. Often socialism and communism are
viewed as the same form of government.

Many countries

Huaneng Power is owned by the Chinese


government, who also subsidize many industries

Economic Policy Examples:


China state owned companies Canada: free health care
Communism:
Communism: political, social, economic ideology of
“common” ownership of “means of production”

Example: the Soviet Union 1917 - 1990


Marxist Communism:
Marxist communism advocates for a classless,
stateless society where the means of production are
communally owned & controlled, aiming to eliminate
economic inequality and exploitation.
Karl Marx wrote
the Communist
Manifesto in 1848
calling for the
overthrow of
capitalist societies
& establishing
collective
ownership.
Communism:
Marxist Communism: Believed workers (proletariat)
would rise up in a series of revolutions to “seize the
means of production.” (ex: factories)
Marxist Leninism:
In 1917, the Russian
Revolution produced the first
major practicing “communist”
government. Vladimir Lenin,
the first leader of what would
become the Soviet Union,
created a new form of
communism in which society
is led by a “temporary
doctorship.” The “temporary”
became permanent under
dictator Joseph Stalin.
Communism:
Most communist countries led to dictatorships
Communist Dictatorships:
Dictatorships control all aspects of life

Fall of Communism: end of the Soviet Union – end of


the Cold War – end of Communism?
Communist Dictatorships:
Countries with Communist Governments today:

China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos


Form: Oligarchy
Oligarchy: rule by small usually wealthy group

Royal families, rich elite, political parties


Form: Oligarchy
Oligarchy - examples:

Some describe Communist Parties as oligarchies


Form: Autocracy
Autocracy: Rule by One

Image by Lola Anamon from Pixabay

Dictatorships, Absolute Monarchies


Which system of government shares
power between a central & regional
government?

Federal System
Which system of government does the central
government hold all of the power and delegate
to local levels?

Unitary
Which system of government do the local
states hold all the power with a weak central
government?

Confederate
Which system of government chooses the
executive from the legislative branch?

Parliamentary
Which form of government do the people hold
the power?

Democracy
Which form of government is ruled by a king
or a queen?

Monarchy
Which form of government does the
government take over certain businesses with
the claim that it benefits the people?

Socialism
Which form of government is one person in
charge?

Autocracy
Which form of government allows the people
to vote on all of the issues?

Direct Democracy
Which form of government said the working
people should control the "means of
production"?

Communism
Which form of government is power held by a
"wealthy few"?

Oligarchy

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