Hi guys

 In this contemporary era people are continuously trying to save

time in their life. People are spending lots of time driving and
travelling.
 They can save their time by using public transport but not every
country has good facilities. So, Self-Driving Cars are a boon for
humans in terms of safety and time saving.

Abstract  People can do work in autonomous vehicles, or they can take a nap
which helps to increase working efficiency.
 Computer vision and sensor fusion are parts and parcel of the auto
driving. Based on the sensors and camera results the car will be
moved .It provides the best environment to check all components
of a self-driving car.
  As of now Volvo and Audi launched their model of cars with
autopilot. Waymo One a
 self-driving car was launched which was owned by Google once. It
was launched as a limited taxi service in Arizona
 Most of the models are not fully autonomous since fully
Existing autonomous car are not made legal in

Study  US. So as of now, Tesla is yet to release their fully autonomous car
which is expected in 2019 or in following years.
 But in India there is no development of autonomous car models.
Still they have partial features of self-driving like
 starting from cruise control, self-parking, automatic emergency
brakes, lane change assist
 LITERATURE SURVEY
S.N O TITLE AUTHOR METHODOLOGY TECHNICAL GAP

1. Self Driving Cars using AI Pavan Agrawal The race to deploy connected cars and The federal preemption language
(2016) autonomous vehicles has continued despite will help push toward a regulatory
uncertainty surrounding the future regime that avoids a patchwork of
regulatory landscape, but Washington state requirements, which could
appears to be catching up and close to stifle the rollout of more advanced
setting the course for future development . and adequately tested vehicles.

2. Self Driving Cars be regulated Steve Hilfinger In the ongoing series on autonomous car the driver keeping an eye on the
(2016) technology, he’s asked what makes a self- roada nd other cars and taking over
driving car, looked at some autonomous when necessary.
features that already may be in your current
set of wheels, considered some of the
barriers to self-driving cars and explored
the future of vehicle autonomy

3. The biggest Obstacles (2017) David Connected cars and autonomous vehicles unlike smartphones and other
Kantharos ,To face different obstacles to growth, partly connected devices, cybersecurity
because the respective technologies are at and privacy are a significant
dd different stages of development and concern for connected cars.
Rumberoger implementation.
Respondents expressed the greatest level of
concern with cybersecurity and privacy
issues associated with the more mature
connectdar technologies.
S.N Title Author Methodology Technical Gap
o
4. Self Driving Cars using AI Sunny Betz The next 15 years will be very interesting Regulatory issues and
(2017) with a mixed field of technologies and discussions about liabilities will
approaches offering plenty of opportunities make the transition to autonomous
for new players to explore disruptive vehicles much slower than most
approaches analysts anticipate.

5. Self-Driving Car (2018) TesfamichaelMolla The algorithm uses haar cascade files to Programmed not to drive in unmapped
detect objects in a given images. Haar cascade areas or during severe weather. Risk of
file are digital image features used in object loss of privacy and security concerns,
detection. They owe their name to their such as hackers or terrorism; concern
intuitive similarity with Haar wavelets and about the resulting loss of driving-
were used in the first real time face detector. related jobs in the road transport.

6. Growth of Self Driving Cars Mark Aiello Developing and fielding autonomous vehicle It will be a long time before there will
(2018) technology is going to become increasingly be critical mass of infrastructure
dependent on support of capabilities and percentage of capable
the federal government to develop vehicles to make this a viable solution
national regulations. with broad acceptance.
S.N Title Author Methodology Technical Gap
o
7. Self- Driving Taiwan Chen,Zirui Li, In this autonomous system of the “Smart Shark Electronic security has to be hacked
Carsusing AI Zemen Xu II” which won the Formula student Autonomous
(2019) china (FSAC) competition in 2018 and presents
the self-driving software structure of this racecar
which ensure high vehicle speed and safety. In
this the technology used is LIDAR based and
Vision based cone detection provide a redundant
perception it results in accumulated time and
space by occupancy grid map

8. A hierarchical Muhammad Sualeh, Gon- This paper focuses on how to efficiently solve the Autonomous vehicle cost over
control system for wooKim hierarchical control system of a self-driving car $100,000times
Autonomous into practice and proposes the decision and
Driving toward proposes the decision making for motion
urban challenge planning by applying two stage Finite State
(2020) Machine to manipulate mission planning and
control.
S.N Title Author Methodology Technical Gap
o

9. Self-Driving Cars Shubhankar There is plethora of technology implementations being Initiate the camera systems and other
(2021) Sharma1 , Vatsala applied. Automation, artificial intelligence, computer sensors such as laser sensors and
Arora architecture and many other technologies are combined radar sensors to perceive the
with each other to form a fully functional. Here, the surroundings of the car. This will in
Dijkstra algorithm which allows us to find the shortest turn help the system to automatically
path to the destination. The car will take the shortest take decisions to steer, brake and
path and avoid collision using the compass- based accelerate. Without these the car
angle calculation system . cannot be automatically drive itself

10. Unsupervised Hind Taud, Juan A novel approach that uses the “divide and conquer More infrastructures, With more
Driving Situation Irving Vasquez “paradigm, which can detect driving situationsfrom autonomous vehicles on the road,
Detection in Latent raw data automatically using unsupervised algorithms, especially larger
Space helping to avoid the hand engineering made by an trucks, more
Autonomous cars expert and creates relatively small and efficient infrastructure will likely be required
(2022) policies without human intervention using behavioral It also lost jobs and security.
cloning
  This project plans to planning to provide a self-driving car with a
system that can navigate between two places .

Proposed  on the map, detect any obstacles, lane detection , accident

System avoidance and emergency services. And our project’s uniqueness
is we are implementing traffic signal responding which is not
present in Tesla and other companies car.
  Firstly, we need to understand the problem in efficient way. Self-
driving car give benefits for those who cannot drive; perhaps
because they are under age, have no driving license, or are not
human.
 Those who need stuff, but can’t go themselves; Because of health
issue ,send the car to pharmacy, pay electronically.

Problem  Suppose we have to send gift to my relative then in that case self-

Statement
driving car will do that work.
 Those who had better not drive; my parents are getting up age. I
had feel better knowing their car could pilot autonomously.
 Those who prefer not to drive; because of rainy season , those who
are under time pressure and those who are too lazy to drive the car.
  The purpose of this project is to reduce number of road accidents.
Self-driving cars, a future accomplishment of tech industry can also
be referred as an autonomous driving vehicle.
 A car which is capable of understanding and processing the
surrounding environment and capable of moving soundly with small
or no human intervention.

Objective  This information is used to check for navigation and differentiate

between a stationary object and a moving object.
 The main purpose of self-driving cars is to remove the need of human
intervention with automatic decision-making system fully capable of
controlling the car.
 Many automobile companies like BMW, Bosch , Tesla, NVIDIA,
Qualcomm started investing in Self-driving cars.
  This section provides information on communicating with cars
electronics and how using that information car .The Robot operating
system(ROS) is used to develop the software.
 The sensor get the information about the environment and send it to
the control module of the frame . The control act as brain of
architecture and its responsible for generating the required
command.
System  The car is web based simulation tool running on python ,which

Architecture communicates with the ROS core using API.

 Generic USB cameras has been used to collect images of
surrounding at 60 fps, the lightweight and easy for integration.
 Navigation system is compact ,single enclosure GNSS+INS
receiver capable of delivering up to centimeter level accuracy.
 Drive kit sends control commands to vehicle ,read control message
from the vehicle OBD-II CAN network and forward report.
  The methodology carried out in this model is self-driving car it needs to
be able to identify its location. This can be easily solved via car’s own
navigation system or a mobile device connected to the system of a car.
 GPS help the car to receive the longitude and latitude information of
the car via satellite. Self-driving car rely on sensors, actuators, complex
algorithms, machine learning systems, and powerful processors to

Methodologi
execute software
 Autonomous cars create and maintain a map of their surroundings
es based on a variety of sensors situated in different parts of the vehicle.
 Radar sensors monitor the position of nearby vehicles. Video cameras
detect traffic lights, read road signs, track other vehicles, and look for
pedestrians. Lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors bounce pulses
of light off the car’s surroundings to measure distances, detect road
edges, and identify lane markings. Ultrasonic sensors in the wheels
detect curbs and other vehicles when parking.
  The potential for connected vehicles during the interim ,
however ,is an exciting ,multi-faceted and high growth area in
IoT’s development enabling enhanced road safety.
 Smart traffic management , advanced navigation assistance ,
passenger entertainment and much more , set out the promises
vehicles , assesses the technical and commercial challenge they
Modules face and considers the road ahead.
 It is, of course, not a safe idea to do any of these things if you had
to navigate your car through the busy morning commuter traffic.
But if our cars could drive us autonomously, we could spend the
freed-up time in more pleasant or productive ways.
  Machine learning algorithms can be loosely divided into four
categories : regression algorithms , pattern recognition , cluster
algorithms and decision matrix algorithms .
 This type of algorithm is used to predict events. “Regression
analysis estimates the relationship between two or more variables,
compare the effects of variables measured .
 Pattern recognition algorithms are good at ruling out these unusual

Algorithms
data points. Recognition of patterns in a data set is an important step
before classifying the objects.
 Cluster is also possible that the classification algorithms may miss
the object and fail to classify and report it to the system because the
images are low-resolution.
 This type of algorithm is good at systematically identifying,
analyzing, and rating the performance of relationships between sets
of values and information. These algorithms are mainly used for
decision-making.
  Self-driving technology in general is becoming increasingly
common and could revolutionize our transportation system.
 Also, self-driving cars are on their way of being legal, but they still
are not trusted enough to be used in real life due to a lack of their
safety.
 Integrates between different technologies including some
Implementation algorithms which are Road lane detection algorithm, disparity map
algorithm to detect the distance between the car and other vehicles.
Snapshots  Anomalies detection using Support Vector Machine classification
algorithm as it achieved a very high accuracy using our data set. To
test the car prototype, a special road environment was built to fit
the car.
  Driverless cars are going to make mobility more accessible for
those currently unable to drive. It would allow senior citizens,

Result people with disabilities and potentially even children, greater

access to independent commuting. Also, safer road travel, in
general, would reduce the chances of injury due to accidents.
Graph
We conclude that by using machine learning techniques validating
the usage of self-driving cars using machine learning with this we
can filter the people as technology expands throughout the world,
self-driving cars will become the future mode of transportation

Conclusio
universally.AI technology is used to power driverless cars by
predicting the car’s surrounding environment for safe navigation.
Technology has been on the rise in the recent past and promises
to a better future transport sector. The major demerit of this is
n
about the technology is the loss of jobs and skills among many
drivers. However, the technology is yet to be fully implemented
to achieve fully autonomous cars, hence further research.
  Researchers anticipate that 50 percent of total cars sold in
2030 with be AI driverless, which are fully autonomous. However,
research on various aspects of the car has to be considered
to achieve this.
 With the data gathered through this work we can use this
Future Enhancement for creating a survey, by analyzing how much percentage of people
are read for the self-driving cars in future.
 When autonomous vehicles are incorporated into the system, they
will run on a network that would enable communication between
them and result in a well-coordinated transport system that avoids
traffic jams.
  [1] Batista, K. B. (2018). Self-driven cars, history, and
company-driven orthodontists?
 [2] Manoharan, S. (2019). An improved safety algorithm
for artificial intelligence-enabled processors in self-driving
cars.
 [3] Simons, R. A., & Malkin, A. A. (2020). The
forward- lookings adoption timeline for driverless cars and
corporate- owned fleets. Driverless Cars, Urban Parking.
References  [4]
https://www.slideshare.net/ChrisMohritz/machine-learn
 [5]https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/
details/1112
 /Vehicle-automation
 [6] http://www.sociotechnic.com/papers/
 [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-driving_car