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SYNTAX

The document provides an overview of syntax, focusing on the ordering of components in phrases and sentences. It outlines various parts of speech, including nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, determiners, pronouns, prepositions, auxiliaries, and conjunctions, along with examples for each. Additionally, it introduces rules for constructing phrases and sentences, as well as tree diagrams for visualizing syntax structure.

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18 views22 pages

SYNTAX

The document provides an overview of syntax, focusing on the ordering of components in phrases and sentences. It outlines various parts of speech, including nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, determiners, pronouns, prepositions, auxiliaries, and conjunctions, along with examples for each. Additionally, it introduces rules for constructing phrases and sentences, as well as tree diagrams for visualizing syntax structure.

Uploaded by

SUKIRMAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYNTAX

M. Labib al
What is
Syntax ?
The study of the ordering
of component in phrases
and sentences
(combining component in
phrases and sentences)
Red yellow blue stay in
the sky
Part of speech
Noun Pronoun
Adjective Determiner
Verb Preposition
Adverb Auxiliaries
Conjunction
Noun
- Person
(Mr.Yahya, Mrs. Milea, Ny. Sundelbolong,
etc.)
- Place
Mountain, campus, beach, etc.
- Thing
bottle, green tree, etc.
which function as subject
Adjective
it is going with noun because
adjective is usually modified nouns
Ex: beautiful, smart, hungry, etc.

Beautiful girl, hungry boy


Verb
The action in the sentence. It can
be predicating or linking verb.
Ex: write, study, hang out, etc.
is, am, are, etc.
Adverb
It is usually going with verb because
adverb is always describing verb.
It is usually described by (Ly)
Ex: quickly, completely, honestly, etc.

She runs quickly, the student says


honestly
Determiners
- Articles (a, an, the)
- possessives ( my, your, his, etc.)
- demonstrative (this, those, that, etc.)
- Numbers (four, fifth, etc.)
- words of indefinite quantity (some, any,
more, etc.)
Pronoun
It is pointing someone or thing
Ex: she, he, it, etc.

Preposition
It usually precedes object
complement and comes with noun
phrases.
Ex: in, from, for, through etc.
Auxiliaries

It is usually called by “Helping


verbs”
Ex: must, should, can, etc.

Conjunctions
Connecting a words
Ex: and, but, etc.
Let’s find part of speech

Stones are heavy

The student writes a lesson

The happy mouse eats breads


quietly
Phrases sentence
rules
S  NP VP (acceptable
S)
NP  (det) (Adj) N (PP)
PP  P NP
VP  V (NP) (PP) (adv)
Noun Phrase
N = books, happiness, Ihvan
Det + N = the garden, all kids, an apple
Adj + N = noisy place, green tree
Det + adj + N = a happy family, some
funny boy
N + PP = dog in the park, boy on the
corner
Prepositional
Phrase
Prep + NP

In the park on the corner


behind the school beside
John
Verb Phrase
V = runs, sleeps, sits
V + Adv = runs quickly, walks slowly
V + NP = eats the cake, divides the students
V + NP + NP = give dog some food
Give the students a work
V + NP + PP = throw the rubbish into dustbin
Send the letter to his friend
TREE DIAGRAM

It is usually used in
learning syntax.
It can be Bottom-up or
Top-down
S

NP VP
Pro v adv

He left quickly
S

NP VP
Det adj N v adv

The big man left


quickly
S

NP
VP
Det adj N v
adv
How about
this ?
The player hits the
ball
The player hits the
ball with the bat
How about
this
I kill a?mouse in my house

The old student writes his


thesis in the library

The dog in the park runs


quickly through the field

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