Service Management

Service Management Overview

• service – manage a service
• chkconfig – enable/disable service startup on system
boot
• systemctl (only on more recent Linux versions)
• Not always installed by default
service command syntax
• service --status-all
• Returns the status (running/stopped) of all services
• service <service name> status
• service <service name> start
• service <service name> stop
• service <service name> restart
chkconfig command syntax
• chkconfig <service name> on
• Enable the service to start at boot time
• chkconfig <service name> off
• Disable the service from starting at boot time
chkconfig not used on Ubuntu
systemctl command syntax
Use instead of service
• systemctl status <servicename>.service
• systemctl start <servicename>.service
• systemctl stop <servicename>.service
• systemctl restart <servicename>.service
Use instead of chkconfig
• systemctl enable <servicename>.service
• systemctl disable <servicename>.service
Service Names (CentOS)
• httpd (Apache server)
• ntpd (NTP server)
• vsftp (FTP server)
• named (DNS server)
• sshd (SSH server)
/sbin/service
• service is a shell script
• Calls specified script in /etc/init.d

Service Management (4:33)

Installation
Management
Linux Installation Overview
• Choose the Linux Distribution
• Choose and download the image
• Choose the installation method
• Start the installation
Linux Distributions
.
DEB

RPM RPM
Typical Linux OS Installation Steps
• Select the language
• Select the physical disk
• Define the partition settings
• Define the network settings
• Select the time zone
• Select the graphical desktop
• Create the local user and password
• Select the root password
• Install the software
Ubuntu Desktop Download
.

https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Fedora Server Download
.

https://getfedora.org/en/server/download/
Linux OS Installation Method
• A Linux OS can be installed from
• DVD
• USB Drive or SD card (needs UEFI microcode support)
• Older PCs do not support UEFI
• Network using PXE
Software Installation Overview
• Root user can install software
• Non-root user must have root privileges to install
software using the sudo command
• Software can be installed from
• DVD
• USB Drive or SD Card
• Hard Disk
• Internet software repositories
Managing Software
• Software is provided as .rpm packages on RedHat based
systems (e.g. CentOS, Fedora)
• Software is provided as .deb packages on Debian based
systems (e.g. Debian, Ubuntu, Mint)
• Easy installation and removal
• Software information stored in a local database
rpm
rpm – RPM package manager
• Usage: rpm [options] [package]
• -qa (list all installed rpms)
• -ivh package (install rpm)
• -Uvh package (update rpm)
• -e package (remove rpm)
• -q package (check if installed)

$ rpm –qa | grep <pattern>

yum (CentOS CLI)
Yellowdog Update Modified
• Front-end to rpm
• Designed to resolve package dependencies
• Can locate packages across multiple repositories
• Global settings found in /etc/yum.conf

Installing Software Packages (RPM, YUM and D

NF) (3:26)
yum Syntax
• Usage: yum [options] command
• yum install packagename
• yum remove packagename
• yum update packagename
• yum list [all|available|extras|installed|recent|updates]
• yum info packagename
• yum whatprovides filename
• yum repolist
yum examples
$ yum list installed // show installed rpms
$ yum list available // show available rpms
$ yum list all // show all rpms in repositories
$ yum list available // includes uninstalled
$ yum repolist // show known repositories
$ su // must be root user to install software
# yum install nano // install nano editor
# nano // run nano editor

Linux Software Management with YUM (7:58

)
dnf (CentOS CLI)
Dandified Yum
• Next generation of yum
• Has similar features and syntax to yum
• Global settings found in /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
dnf Syntax
• Usage: dnf [options] command
• dnf install packagename
• dnf remove packagename
• dnf update packagename
• dnf list [all|available|extras|installed|recent|updates]
• dnf info packagename
• dnf provides filename
• dnf repolist
Linux Software Repositories
• Database for what software is available on
the repository server and their dependencies
• Different repositories for different Linux’s
• Search for software on a repository server
• Download software from a repository server
• Can configure the local system to use specific
repositories
• Repository server can be local or remote
Adding a Repository
For YUM
• Create .repo file for the new repository in
directory /etc/yum.repos.d
• .repo file contains
[repo-name]
name=A nice description
baseurl=http://yourserver.com/path/to/repo
enabled=1 // include as a package source
gpgcheck=1 // enable GPG signature-checking
Create a private repository
For YUM,
• Create a directory to hold your packages
• Make this directory available by http/ftp
• Install the createrepo RPM
• Run createrepo -v /package/directory
• Creates repodata subdirectory
• Creates needed support files
dpkg
dpkg – Debian Package Manager
• Usage: dpkg [options] [package]
• -l (list all installed debs)
• -i package (install debs)
• -r package (remove debs)
• Used for .deb packages
$ dpkg –l | grep <pattern>
dpkg Front-end Utilities
Used for .deb packages
• apt-get/apt-cache (older)
• aptitude (newer)
• apt (newest)
apt
Advanced Package Tool
• Front-end to dpkg
• Designed to resolve package dependencies
• Can locate packages across multiple repositories
apt Syntax
• Usage: apt [options] command
• apt install packagename
• apt remove packagename
• apt update packagename
• apt search [‘~i’ | ‘!~i’ ] // show installed, not installed
• apt show packagename // show package info
apt examples
$ apt list ‘~i’ // show installed debs
$ apt list ‘!~i’ // show available debs not
installed
$ apt list ‘~i’ | grep nano // is nano
installed?
$ su // must be root user to install
software
# apt install nano // install nano editor
# nano // run nano editor

Simplify Your Command-Line with APT instead of apt-get (

8:56)
aptitude Syntax
• Usage: aptitude [options] [command]
• aptitude install packagename
• aptitude remove packagename
• aptitude update packagename
• aptitude search packagename
• aptitude show packagename // show package info

Aptitude vs apt-get (5:05)

aptitude TUI
• Run aptitude w/o options or arguments
.
apt-get/apt-cache Syntax
• Usage: apt-get [options] [command]
• apt-get install packagename
• apt-get remove packagename
• apt-get update packagename
• Usage: apt-cache [options] [command]
• aptitude search packagename
• aptitude show packagename // show package info

Linux Advanced Package Tool (apt) and apt-get (5:38)

Network Basics
TCP/IP
Objectives
• IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses
• TCP
• UDP
• Network Configuration
• Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Firewall Management
• Ethernet Device Management
TCP/IP Overview
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
• First defined in 1974 by ARPA
• Allows communication between systems
• Every connected system has an IP address
• IPv4 (32-bit or 4 bytes) (4 billion addresses)
• IPv6 (128-bit or 16 bytes)
IPv4 Address
.
IPv4 Network Classes (A,B,C,D,E)
• nsa.gov (Class A) (1 byte) 104.112.30.179
• ISP (Class B) (2 bytes)
• 172.49.118.76 (example IPv4 address)
• 255.255.0.0 (subnet mask)
• Home Router (Class C) (3 bytes)
• 192.168.1.1 (example IPv4 address)
• 255.255.255.0 (subnet mask)
• Home system (Class D) (4 bytes)
• 192.168.1.90 (example IPv4 address)
• 255.255.255.255 (subnet mask)
• 127.0.0.1 is reserved for the local system
(localhost)
IPv6 Address
.

Internet Protocol - IPv4 vs IPv6 as Fast As Possible (6:11)

Application Stack
.

Application Layer

}
Transport Layer

Physical Layer
 NAT
Network Address Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Public IP addresses are used on the Internet
• Private IP address are used on a local network
• NAT converts public and private IP addresses
• Router performs NAT operations
• Router maintains tables that map public to private IP
addresses
• Router changes source and destination address fields in
IPv4 header as needed
NAT Concepts
.