Review

Revie
w
 REVIEW

1. It predicts the long-term

results of a statistical
experiment that has been
Mean Value
repeated or
many times. Variance
Expected Value
Standard Deviation Discrete Random
Variables

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 REVIEW

2. Is can be computed by first

multiplying each possible x value by
the probability of observing that
value and then adding the resulting
Mean Value or
quantities. Variance
Expected Value
Standard Deviation Discrete Random
Variables

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 REVIEW

3. This can be obtained by

solving, using this formula: x
= . P(x)
Mean Value or Variance
Expected Value
Standard Deviation Discrete Random
Variables

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 REVIEW

4. This can be solved by just

squaring the variance.
Symbolically, =
Mean Value or Variance
Expected Value
Standard Deviation Discrete Random
Variables

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 REVIEW

5. This can be solved by

using this formula: µ = 𝜮x
. 𝑷(x)
Mean Value or Variance
Expected Value
Standard Deviation Discrete Random
Variables

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 Brain
Teaser
 How do you spell
candy in just two
letters? Answer:
C and y

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 If the word MOM
becomes WOW when
you turn it upside Answer:
down, what do you When you spell
get when you spell it the word “it”
backwards? backwards it
becomes “ti”

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 How many numbers
are there on a dice? Answer:
None. There are
only dots on a
dice.

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 What happened on the
31st of June 1945? Answer:
None. There are
only 30 days in
June.

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 Answer:
Place an F on _
to form an E

NORMAL PROBABILITY
Normal Probability
Distribution
 OBJECTIV
OBJECTIV
ES
ES
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Illustrates a normal random variable and its
characteristics.

Identifies regions under the normal curve

corresponding to different standard normal
values.
Converts a normal random variable to a standard
normal variable and vice versa.

Computes probabilities and percentiles using the

standard normal table

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 DEFINITI
ON
NORMAL PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
● It is a probability distribution of the
continuous variable.
● It is the most important curve in
statistics. Why? Many random variables
are either normally distributed or at
least approximately normally
● Examples: height, weight, and
distributed.
examination scores

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 NORMAL • The normal distribution is often
CURVE called the bell curve
• It is also known as Gaussian
distribution
The area under the normal
distribution curve represents
probability and the total area under
the curve sums to one.
is symmetrical on both sides of the
mean, so the right side of the center
is a mirror image of the left side.

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 PROPERTIES OF
NORMAL CURVE ● The distribution of Normal Curve is
bell-shaped.
● The curve is symmetrical about its
center.
● The mean, median, and mode
coincide at the center.
● The tale of the curve flattening
out indefinitely along the
horizontal axis but never touch it.
● The curve is asymptotic to the
base line.
● The area under the curve is 1.

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 FACTORS AFFECTING
NORMAL CURVE
● Value of Mean and Value of Standard
Deviation
● The change of the value of the
mean shift the graph of the normal
curve to the right or to the left.
● The σ determines the shape of the
graph. (height and width of the
curve).
● When σ is high – the normal curve
is short and wide
● When σ is low – the normal curve
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ju1jgdua9e
NORMAL PROBABILITY
is skinnier and taller.
 EMPIRICAL
RULE
The empirical rule is used often in statistics for
forecasting final outcomes.
The empirical rule is also used as a rough way to
test a distribution's "normality". If too many data
points fall outside the three standard deviation
boundaries, this suggests that the distribution is not
normal and may be skewed or follow some other
distribution.

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 EMPIRICAL
RULE
● Also known as or also referred to as the 68-
95-99.7% Rule. What it tells us is that for a
normally distributed variable, the following
are true:

Approximately 68% of the

data lie within 1 standard
deviation of the mean.
𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 + 𝝈)

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 EMPIRICAL
RULE
● Also known as or also referred to as the 68-
95-99.7% Rule. What it tells us is that for a
normally distributed variable, the following
are true:

Approximately 95% of the

data lie within 2 standard
deviations of the mean.
𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 +
𝟐𝝈)
NORMAL PROBABILITY
 EMPIRICAL
RULE
● Also known as or also referred to as the 68-
95-99.7% Rule. What it tells us is that for a
normally distributed variable, the following
are true:

Approximately 99.7% of
the data lie within 3
standard deviations of the
mean.
𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 +
NORMAL PROBABILITY
𝟑𝝈)
 VALIDATING
EMPIRICAL RULE
Example 1: what is the frequency and relative frequency
of babies’ weight that is within:

Mean: 6.11 Standard

Deviation: σ = 1.63

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 VALIDATING
EMPIRICAL RULE
Arrange all the data to easily count the
number of data in every group.

26 Approximately 68% of
the data lie within

𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝝈 < 𝑿
1 standard deviation of the mean.
µ=
< 𝝁 + 𝝈) 6.11
σ= 𝑷𝒓( 6.11 − 1.63 <
NORMAL
𝑿 < 6.11 + 1.63)
PROBABILITY
1.63
 VALIDATING
EMPIRICAL RULE
Arrange all the data to easily count the
number of data in every group.

Approximately 95% of the

data lie within 2

𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 2𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁

standard deviation of the mean.
µ=
+ 2𝝈) 6.11
σ= 𝑷𝒓[( 6.11 − 2(1.63)
< 𝑿 < 6.11 +1.63
2(1.63)]
NORMAL PROBABILITY
 VALIDATING
EMPIRICAL RULE
Arrange all the data to easily count the
number of data in every group.

Approximately 99.7% of the

data lie within 3

𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 3𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁

standard deviation of the mean.
µ=
+ 3𝝈) 6.11
σ= 𝑷𝒓[( 6.11 − 3(1.63)
< 𝑿 < 6.11 +1.63
3(1.63)]
NORMAL PROBABILITY
 VALIDATING
EMPIRICAL RULE
You can solve the
data using:
https://goodcalcula
tors.com/empirical-
rule-calculator/

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 EXAMPLE
NO. 2
The scores of the Senior High School students in their Statistics and
Probability quarterly examination are normally distributed with a
mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 5.
a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?
c. What scores fall within 99.7% of the distribution?

Approximately 68% of the data lie within 1 standard

𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 + 𝝈)

deviation of the mean.

𝑷𝒓( 35 − 5 < 𝑿 < 35 + 5)

𝑷𝒓( 30 < 𝑿 < 40)
NORMAL PROBABILITY
 EXAMPLE
NO. 2
The scores of the Senior High School students in their Statistics and
Probability quarterly examination are normally distributed with a
mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 5.
a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?
c. What scores fall within 99.7% of the distribution?

Approximately 95% of the data lie within 2 standard

𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 + 𝟐𝝈)

deviations of the mean

𝑷𝒓( 35 − 𝟐(5) < 𝑿 < 35 + 𝟐(5))

𝑷𝒓( 25 < 𝑿 < 45)
NORMAL PROBABILITY
 EXAMPLE
NO. 2
The scores of the Senior High School students in their Statistics and
Probability quarterly examination are normally distributed with a mean
of 35 and a standard deviation of 5.
a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?
c. What scores fall within 99.7% of the distribution?
Approximately 99.7% of the data lie within 3 standard

𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 + 𝟑𝝈)

deviations of the mean

𝑷𝒓( 35 − 𝟑(5) < 𝑿 < 35 + 𝟑(5))

𝑷𝒓( 20 < 𝑿 < 50)
NORMAL PROBABILITY
 SOLUT
ION:
The scores of the Senior High
School students in their Statistics
and Probability quarterly
examination are normally
distributed with a mean of 35 and
a standard deviation of 5.
a. What percent of the scores are
between 30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of
the distribution?

NORMAL PROBABILITY
 Use empirical rule to complete the following table.
EXAMP Write on the respective column the range or interval
LE 3: of the scores based on the given parameters.

(𝝁)
Mean Standard 68% 95% 99.7%
𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁
(𝝈)
Deviation
+ 𝝈) + 𝟐𝝈) + 𝟑𝝈)

20-2 = 18 20-2(2) = 16 20-2(3) = 14

20 2 20+2 = 22 20+2(2) = 24 20+2(3) = 26
18 to 22 16 to 24 14 to 26
87-5.5(3) = 70.5
87-5.5 = 81.5 87-5.5(2) = 76
87+5.5(3) =
87 5.5 87+5.5 = 92.5 87+5.5(2) = 98
103.5
81.5 to 92.5 76 to 98
70.5 to 103.5

NORMAL PROBABILITY
Activity
 Use empirical rule to complete the following table.
ACTIVI Write on the respective column the range or interval
TY 1: of the scores based on the given parameters.
Mea Standard 68% 95% 99.7%
𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝝈 < 𝑿 𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 < 𝑿 𝑷𝒓( 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 < 𝑿
(𝝁) (𝝈) < 𝝁 + 𝝈) < 𝝁 + 𝟐𝝈) < 𝝁 + 𝟑𝝈)
n Deviation

19 2
30 3.4
51 4.8
72 6.2
93 7.6

NORMAL PROBABILITY