University of Science, VNU-HCM

Faculty of Information Technology

Data Design
Assoc. Prof. TRAN Minh Triet
Department of Software Engineering

Software Analysis and Design

Using Relational Database?

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 Rule #1

 A class is mapped to a table

 Examples?

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 Rule #2

 One-to-one relationship A B

MA …
1 1 … MA
A B
…

A B

… MB
MB …
…
A B

AB MA MA A B
… …
MA MB
A B MB MA
… …
MB
…
MB
…  Examples? 4
 Rule #3

 One-to-many relationship

1 *
A B A B

MA …
… MA
…

 Examples?

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 Rule #4

 Many-to-many relationship

* C *
A B A C B

MA MA MB
… MB …
…

 Examples?

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 Rule #5

 Generalization
A B C

A(MA, x, y, z) B(MB, x, y, t, u) C(MC, x, y, v)

A
+x + Simple
#y - Hard to see the relationships between entities of A, B, C
-z - Hard to process general queries

B C  Examples?
#t
-v
#u

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 Rule #5

 Generalization A

A(M, Type, x, y, z, t, u, v)
A
+x + Overview of all entities of different subtypes
#y - Waste of storage
-z

Type x y z t u v
A
B C
B
#t
-v C
#u

 Examples?
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 Rule #5

 Generalization
Common_A

Common_A(M, x, y)
A
+x
#y
X_B X_A X_C
-z
X_B(M, t, u) X_B(M, z) X_C(M, v)

B C
#t + Efficient storage
-v + Overview of all entities
#u
- Complexity

 Examples?
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 Rule #6

 A class with a structured attribute

class A A B
{
MA …
… … MA
B x; Attribute1
… Attribute2
…
} Structure of B:
Attribute 1
Attribute 2
…
 Examples?
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 Rule #7

 A class with an attribute as an array/set/bag/list

class A A B
{
MA …
… … MA
B[] x; …
…
}

 Examples?
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 Rule #8

 Discrete values: Create a new table for a list of

categories
 Examples?

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 Rule #9

 Parameters

Type 1

PK Param#1 Param#2 … Param#N

… … … … …

Each parameter corresponds to a column in Parameters

Parameters: only one record (row) to store the current values of parameters

?
Add a new parameter?
Disable a parameter?

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 Rule #9

 Parameters Stored as

Type 2 a string

ParamID ParamName Type Value Status

… … … … …

Each parameter is a single record (row) in Parameters

The current value of a parameter is stored as a string
Parameter values are stored as strings and the application must “interpret”
exactly the current values of parameters.

? Add a new parameter?

Disable a parameter?

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Data as XML?

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 HTML vs XML

HTML specifies how to display/present

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 HTML

<h1> Bibliography </h1>

<p> <i> Foundations of Databases </i>
Abiteboul, Hull, Vianu
<br> Addison Wesley, 1995
<p> <i> Data on the Web </i>
Abiteoul, Buneman, Suciu
<br> Morgan Kaufmann, 1999

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 XML

<bibliography>
<book>
<title> Foundations… </title>
<author> Abiteboul </author>
<author> Hull </author>
<author> Vianu </author>
<publisher> Addison Wesley </publisher>
<year> 1995 </year>
</book>
…
</bibliography>

XML specifies content

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 XML

<bibliography> Start tag

<book>
<title> Foundations… </title>
<author> Abiteboul </author>
<author> Hull </author>
<author> Vianu </author>
<publisher> Addison Wesley
</publisher>
<year> 1995 </year>
</book>
… End tag
</bibliography>

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 XML

<bibliography>
<book>
<title> Foundations… </title>
<author> Abiteboul </author>
<author> Hull </author>
<author> Vianu </author>
<publisher> Addison Wesley
</publisher>
<year> 1995 </year>
</book>
…
</bibliography>

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 Basic Concepts on XML

 tag: book, title, author, …

 start tag: <book>, end tag: </book>
 element: <book>…<book>,<author>…</author>
 Nested element
 Empty element : <red></red> hay <red/>
 Each XML document has a unique root element
“Well formed” document?

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 XML: Attribute

<book price = “55” currency = “USD”>

<title> Foundations of Databases </title>
<author> Abiteboul </author>
…
<year> 1995 </year>
</book>

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Relational Database vs XML

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 In-class Discussion

 Relational Database  XML

 Advantages  Advantages

Discussion
 Disadvantages  Disadvantages

 Should be used in…  Should be used in…

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