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Z Transform and Its Properties

The document discusses the Z-transform, a mathematical tool used for analyzing discrete-time systems described by difference equations, analogous to the Laplace transform for continuous systems. It covers the definitions of unilateral and bilateral Z-transforms, the region of convergence (ROC), and various properties such as time shifting and convolution. Additionally, it outlines methods for finding the inverse Z-transform and the significance of ROC in relation to causal and anti-causal sequences.

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umer adil
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27 views26 pages

Z Transform and Its Properties

The document discusses the Z-transform, a mathematical tool used for analyzing discrete-time systems described by difference equations, analogous to the Laplace transform for continuous systems. It covers the definitions of unilateral and bilateral Z-transforms, the region of convergence (ROC), and various properties such as time shifting and convolution. Additionally, it outlines methods for finding the inverse Z-transform and the significance of ROC in relation to causal and anti-causal sequences.

Uploaded by

umer adil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Z Transform & its

Properties

Engr Musayyab Ali


There are numerous systems that are
described by difference equations and those
systems are common and different from
those described by differential equations.

Introducti Digital signal transmission systems like the


telephone system.
on

In sampled systems, inputs and outputs are


related by difference equations and Z-
transform techniques are used to solve those
difference equations.
The z-transform is useful for the manipulation of discrete
data sequences and has acquired a new significance in the
formulation and analysis of discrete-time systems.

Discrete models are solved with difference equations in a


manner that is analogous to solving continuous models with
differential equations.

The role played by the z-transform in the solution of


difference equations corresponds to that played by the
Laplace transforms in the solution of differential equations.
In mathematics and signal processing, the Z
transform converts a discrete-time signal,
which is a sequence of real or complex
numbers, into a complex frequency
domain representation.

Z
Transfor It can be considered as a discrete-time
equivalent of the Laplace transform.
m

The Z-transform can be defined as either


a one-sided or two-sided transform.
Bilateral Z Transform

• The bilateral or two-sided Z-transform of a discrete-time


signal x[n] is the formal power series X(z) defined as
Unilateral Z Transform

• In cases where x[n] is defined only for n ≥ 0,


the single-sided or unilateral Z-transform is defined as
• In signal processing, this definition can be used to evaluate the Z-
transform of the unit impulse response of a discrete-time causal
system.
Region of Convergence

• The region of convergence (ROC) is the set of points in the complex


plane for which the Z-transform summation converges.
• The ROC for a given x[n], is defined as the range of z for which the z-
transform converges. Since the z-transform is a power series, it
converges when equation is absolutely summable.
Z Transform of Elementary Func.
Impulse Function
• Find the z-transform of the unit pulse or impulse
sequence
Exponential Function
Exponent
ial
Decaying
Function
Z
transfor
m of
Right
Sided
Signal
Properti
es of Z
Transfor
m
Time Shifting Property
Multiplication Property
Time Reversal Property
Convolution Property
Causality
Stability
Initial Value Theorem
Final Value Theorem
ROC of z-transform is indicated with circle
in z-plane.

Properti ROC does not contain any poles.

es of If x(n) is a finite duration causal sequence


ROC or right sided sequence, then the ROC is
entire z-plane except at z = 0.

If x(n) is a finite duration anti causal


sequence or left sided sequence, then the
ROC is entire z-plane except at z = ∞.
If x(n) is a infinite duration causal
sequence, ROC is exterior of the
circle with radius a. i.e. |z| > a.

If x(n) is a infinite duration anti-


causal sequence, ROC is interior
of the circle with radius a. i.e. |z|
< a.

If x(n) is a finite duration two


sided sequence, then the ROC is
entire z-plane except at z = 0 & z
= ∞.
The inverse z transform can be
found by one of the following ways.
Inverse
Z Inspection Method

Transfor Partial fraction expansion

m
Power Series expansion
Inverse Trans by Partial Fraction
• /
Class
Activity

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