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CF-2 Basic Computer Organization

The document outlines the basic operations and organization of a computer system, including input, output, storage, and processing functions. It details components such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU), explaining their roles in managing and executing instructions. Additionally, it distinguishes between primary and secondary storage types based on speed, capacity, and data retention.

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18 views14 pages

CF-2 Basic Computer Organization

The document outlines the basic operations and organization of a computer system, including input, output, storage, and processing functions. It details components such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU), explaining their roles in managing and executing instructions. Additionally, it distinguishes between primary and secondary storage types based on speed, capacity, and data retention.

Uploaded by

riazuddintaluckder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic

Computer
Course Teacher
Nazmun Nessa Organization
Moon Assistant
Professor
Learning
Objectives
◾ In this lecture you will learn about:
✔ Basic operations performed by all types of computer
systems
✔ Basic organization of a computer system
✔ Input unit and its functions
✔ Output unit and its functions
✔ Storage unit and its functions
✔ Types of storage used in a computer system
✔ Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
✔ Control Unit (CU)
✔ Central Processing Unit (CPU)
✔ Computer as a system
The Five Basic Operations of
a Computer System

◾ Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions


into the computer system

◾ Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them readily


available for initial or additional processing whenever required

◾ Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract,


multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations (comparisons
like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to
convert them into useful information

◾ Outputting. The process of producing useful information or


results
for the user such as a printed report or visual display

◾ Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which


all of the above operations are performed
Basic Organization of a
Computer System
Input Unit

An input unit of a computer system performs the


following functions:

① It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside


world

② It converts these instructions and data in computer


acceptable
form

③ It supplies the converted instructions and data to the


computer
system for further processing
Output Unit

An output unit of a computer system performs the


following
functions:

① It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are


in coded form and hence, cannot be easily understood by
us

② It converts these coded results to human acceptable


(readable) form

③ It supplies the converted results to outside world


Storage Unit

◾The storage unit of a computer


system holds (or stores) the
following :
① Data and instructions required for processing
(received from input devices)
② Intermediate results of processing
③ Final results of processing, before they are
released to an output device
Two Types of Storage

① Primary storage
◾ Used to hold running program instructions
◾ Used to hold data, intermediate results,
and results of ongoing processing of job(s)
◾ Fast in operation
◾ Small Capacity
◾ Expensive
◾ Volatile (looses data on power dissipation)
Two Types of Storage

②Secondary storage
◾ Used to hold stored program
instructions
◾ Used to hold data and information
of stored jobs
◾ Slower than primary storage
◾ Large Capacity
◾ Lot cheaper than primary storage
◾ Retains data even without power
Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
◾Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer
system is the place where the actual
executions of instructions takes place
during processing operation
Control Unit
(CU)
◾ Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates
the operations of all other components of the computer system

◾ The control unit is a component of a computer's central


processing unit (CPU) that directs operation of the processor. It
controls communication and co-ordination between
input/output devices. It reads and interprets instructions and
determines the sequence for processing the data.

◾ It directs the operation of the other units by providing timing and


control signals.

◾ All computer resources are managed by the CU (Control Unit).

◾ It directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit


(CPU) and the other devices.
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)

◾It is the brain of a computer system


◾It is responsible for controlling the
operations of all other units of a computer
system
The System
Concept
◾ A system has following three characteristics:
① A system has more than one element
② All elements of a system are logically related
③ All elements of a system are controlled in a manner
to achieve the system goal

◾ A computer is a system as it comprises of


integrated components (input unit, output unit,
storage unit, and CPU) that work together to
perform the steps called for in the executing
program
Key Words/Phrases
◾ Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) ◾ Controlling

◾ Output interface ◾ Secondary


storage
◾ Auxiliary storage
◾ Input interface
◾ Output unit
◾ Storage unit
◾ Central Processing Unit
(CPU) ◾ Input unit

◾ Outputting ◾ Storing

◾ Computer system ◾ Inputting

◾ Primate storage ◾ System

◾ Control Unit (CU) ◾ Main memory

◾ Processing

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