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Understanding Memory Hierarchy

The document discusses the organization and access of different types of computer memory, including primary (RAM and cache) and secondary memory (hard disks and SSDs). It explains various mapping methods such as direct, associative, and set associative mapping, highlighting their pros and cons. Understanding these concepts is crucial for efficient system design and performance.

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saishivamani1
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4 views10 pages

Understanding Memory Hierarchy

The document discusses the organization and access of different types of computer memory, including primary (RAM and cache) and secondary memory (hard disks and SSDs). It explains various mapping methods such as direct, associative, and set associative mapping, highlighting their pros and cons. Understanding these concepts is crucial for efficient system design and performance.

Uploaded by

saishivamani1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Memory

Hierarchy
Exploring the different types of computer memory and how they
are organized and accessed is crucial for efficient system design
and performance.

by MUNUKUNTLA SAI SHIVAMANI


Types of Memory
1 Primary Memory 2 Secondary Memory
Provides immediate Offers larger storage
access to the CPU, capacity but slower
including RAM and access, such as hard
cache. disks and SSDs.
Primary Memory
RAM Cache
Volatile memory that stores High-speed memory that
data and instructions for temporarily holds
immediate use by the CPU. frequently accessed data to
reduce access times.
Secondary Memory
Hard Disk Drives Solid State Drives

Magnetic storage devices with large capacity but Use flash memory for faster data access and retrieval
slower access times. compared to HDDs.
Mapping Methods
Direct Mapping Set Associative Mapping
A simple one-to-one correspondence between memory A compromise between direct and associative, with multiple
addresses and cache locations. ways per set.

1 2 3

Associative Mapping
Allows any cache line to store data from any memory address.
Direct Mapping
Simple Limited Flexibility
Implementation
Data can only be stored in a
Direct mapping has a specific cache line, leading
straightforward one-to-one to potential conflicts.
relationship between
memory addresses and
cache locations.
Associative Mapping

Flexible Complex
Data can be stored in any Requires more complicated
cache line, improving hit rates. hardware for searching the
entire cache.
Set Associative Mapping
Compromise
Set associative mapping balances simplicity and flexibility.

Multiple Ways
Data can be stored in any of the multiple cache lines
within a set.

Reduced Complexity
Searching is limited to the cache lines within a set.
Mapping Pros and Cons
Direct Mapping Simple, fast, but limited
flexibility

Associative Mapping Highly flexible, but complex


and slow

Set Associative Balanced approach,


moderately complex
Conclusion
Understanding the memory hierarchy and the various mapping
techniques is essential for designing efficient and high-performing
computer systems. Each method has its own trade-offs that must
be carefully considered.

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