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Lecture 5

This lecture covers the application of derivatives in calculus, focusing on extreme values of functions, the Mean Value Theorem, and curve sketching. It discusses concepts such as concavity, asymptotes, and optimization problems, illustrating how derivatives can be used to find maximum and minimum values. Key topics include identifying critical points, analyzing increasing and decreasing intervals, and handling indeterminate forms using L'Hôpital's Rule.

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ZHANABIL ZHAKE
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2 views42 pages

Lecture 5

This lecture covers the application of derivatives in calculus, focusing on extreme values of functions, the Mean Value Theorem, and curve sketching. It discusses concepts such as concavity, asymptotes, and optimization problems, illustrating how derivatives can be used to find maximum and minimum values. Key topics include identifying critical points, analyzing increasing and decreasing intervals, and handling indeterminate forms using L'Hôpital's Rule.

Uploaded by

ZHANABIL ZHAKE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CALCULUS 1

Lecture 5
Application of derivatives

Aigul Myrzagaliyeva
[email protected]

Astana IT University
Lecture overview
• Extreme Values of Functions
• The Mean Value Theorem
• The First Derivative Test
• Concavity
• Asymptotes
• Curve Sketching
• Indeterminate Forms and L’Hôpital’s Rule
• Applied Optimization Problems
The important application
of derivatives is to
find
values extreme
of functions,
determine and to
shapes of graphs.analyze Maximum
the
and minimum values are called
extreme values of the function ƒ.
Absolute maxima or minima are
also referred to as global maxima
or minima.
The absolute extrema of the function y = x2 on their domains can be seen
below. Each function has the same defining equation, y = x2, but the domains
vary.
Proofs of the Laws of Logarithms
Proof that ln bx = ln b + ln x
In sketching the graph of a differentiable function, it is useful to know where it
increases (rises from left to right) and where it decreases (falls from left to right)
over an interval.
Find the critical points of ƒ(x) = x3- 12x - 5 and identify the open intervals on
which ƒ is increasing and on which ƒ is decreasing.
Find the critical points of ƒ(x) = x3- 12x - 5 and identify the open intervals on
which ƒ is increasing and on which ƒ is decreasing
Concavit
As you can see in Figure y
below, the curve y = x rises as x
3

increases, but the portions defined on the intervals (-∞, 0) and (0,
∞) turn in different ways.
Concavit
y
Asymptot
If the distance between es
the graph of a function and some fixed line
approaches zero as a point on the graph moves increasingly far
from the origin, we say that the graph approaches the line
asymptotically and that the line is an asymptote of the graph.
Asymptot
es
Asymptot
es
Sketch a graph of the
function
Indeterminate Forms and L’Hôpital’s Rule
Expressions such as “0/0” and “∞/ ∞” look something like ordinary numbers. We
say that they have the form of a number. But values cannot be assigned to them in
a way that is consistent with the usual rules to add and multiply numbers. We are
led to call them “indeterminate forms.”
Indeterminate Powers
Limits that lead to the indeterminate forms 1∞, 00, and ∞0 can sometimes be handled
by first taking the logarithm of the function.
Applied Optimization Problems
What are the dimensions of a rectangle with fixed perimeter having maximum
area? What are the dimensions for the least expensive cylindrical can of a given
volume? Each of these questions asks for the best, or optimal, value of a given
function. We use derivatives to solve a variety of optimization problems.
Since the sides of the sheet of tin are only 12 in.
long, x ≤ 6 and the domain of V is the interval
0 ≤ x ≤ 6.
Since the sides of the sheet of tin are only 12 in.
long, x ≤ 6 and the domain of V is the interval
0 ≤ x ≤ 6.

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