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Machine Learning a Comprehensive Overview

Machine learning is a transformative technology that enables systems to learn from data, make predictions, and automate tasks across various industries. It encompasses different learning types, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each with specific applications and evaluation metrics. Ethical considerations such as bias, privacy, transparency, and accountability are crucial in the development and deployment of machine learning models.

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Aditya Sharma
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2 views

Machine Learning a Comprehensive Overview

Machine learning is a transformative technology that enables systems to learn from data, make predictions, and automate tasks across various industries. It encompasses different learning types, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each with specific applications and evaluation metrics. Ethical considerations such as bias, privacy, transparency, and accountability are crucial in the development and deployment of machine learning models.

Uploaded by

Aditya Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Learning:

A Comprehensive
Overview
Machine learning is a powerful tool used to create systems that can
learn from data. These systems can make predictions, automate
tasks, and extract insights. It is transforming various industries,
from healthcare to finance.

by GurnoorPreet Singh
Supervised Learning
1 Regression 2 Classification
Predicts a continuous Categorizes data into
output based on input different classes.
data. Examples include Examples include
predicting house prices or classifying emails as
stock prices. spam or not spam.

3 Supervised Learning
This type of learning requires labeled data, where the input
and corresponding output are known.
Unsupervised Learning
Clustering Dimensionality Reduction Unsupervised Learning

Groups data points into clusters Reduces the number of variables This type of learning works with
based on similarity. while retaining most of the unlabeled data, uncovering hidden
information in the data. patterns and relationships within
the data.
Reinforcement Learning

Agent Environment Rewards


The system that interacts with the The world the agent interacts with. The agent receives positive
environment and makes decisions. rewards for desired actions and
negative rewards for undesired
actions.
Model Selection and
Evaluation
Accuracy Precision
The percentage of correct The percentage of positive
predictions made by the predictions that are actually
model. correct.

Recall F1 Score
The percentage of actual A balance between precision
positive cases that are and recall, often used for
correctly identified by the evaluating models with
model. imbalanced data.
Bias-Variance Tradeoff
1 High Bias
The model is too simple and cannot capture the
underlying patterns in the data. This leads to
underfitting.

2 High Variance
The model is too complex and learns the noise in the
data. This leads to overfitting.

3 Optimal Balance
Finding the right balance between bias and variance
leads to a model that generalizes well to unseen
data.
Feature Engineering and
Selection
Feature Engineering The process of creating new
features from existing ones.

Feature Selection The process of choosing the


most relevant features for
the model.

Benefits Improved model


performance, reduced
dimensionality, and easier
interpretability.
Deep Learning

Artificial Neural Networks Computational Power


Inspired by the structure of the Deep learning requires powerful
human brain, deep learning uses computers to handle the vast
complex neural networks to learn amount of data and complex
from data. computations.

Image Recognition Natural Language Processing


Deep learning excels at tasks like Deep learning is used to process
image recognition, object and understand human language,
detection, and image enabling applications like machine
segmentation. translation and chatbots.
Applications of Machine Learning

Autonomous Vehicles Healthcare Personalized


Recommendations
Machine learning powers self-driving Machine learning assists doctors in
cars, enabling them to navigate diagnosis, drug discovery, and Machine learning powers
roads, detect obstacles, and make personalized treatment plans. recommendation systems on e-
decisions. commerce platforms, suggesting
relevant products and services.
Ethical Considerations in
Machine Learning
1 Bias 2 Privacy
Machine learning models Machine learning models
can inherit biases from the often require access to
data they are trained on, personal data, raising
leading to unfair or concerns about privacy and
discriminatory outcomes. data security.

3 Transparency 4 Accountability
It is important to understand Developing ethical
how machine learning guidelines and mechanisms
models make decisions, to ensure accountability for
particularly in high-stakes the actions of machine
applications. learning systems is crucial.

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