CORRECTIONS

Fourth Pillar of PCJS

Institutional
Corrections
Early forms of Prison
Discipline
O 1. Hard labor- productive works.
O 2. Deprivation- deprivation of
everything except the essentials of
existence.
O 3. Monotony- giving the same food that
is “off diet” or requiring the prisoners
to perform boring daily routine.
O 4. Uniformity- “we treat the prisoners
alike” the fault of one is fault of all.
O 5. Mass movement- mass living in cellblocks,
mass eating, mass recreation, mass bathing.
O 6. Degradation- uttering insulting words or
languages on the part of prison staff to
prisoners to degrade or break the confidence
of prisoners.
O 7. Corporal punishment- imposing brutal
punishment or employing physical force to
intimidate a delinquent inmate.
O 8. Isolation or Solitary Confinement- non-
communication, limited news, “the lone wolf”.
 The two of Correctional
Institutions
O 1. Jail- defined as a place of confinement for
inmates under investigation or undergoing trial,
or serving short-term sentences. It includes
Provincial, district, city and Municipal Jails
managed and supervised by the Provincial
Government and the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP)
respectively, which are both under the
Department of Interior and Local
Government.
O 2. Prison- refers to the national prisons or
penitentiaries managed and supervised by the
Bureau of Corrections an agency under the
Department of Justice.
San Ramon Prison and
Penal Farm
O established in Southern Zamboanga
on August 21, 1870 through a royal
decree promulgated in 1869.
Considered the oldest penal facility
in the country.
O Originally established for persons
convicted of political crimes. It was
here in Dapitan Zamboanga where
Dr. Jose Rizal was incarcerated.
 IWAHIG PENAL
O COLONY
An institution for incorrigibles envisioned by
Governor Forbes and built by Gov. Luke E.
Wright
O Nov, 1, 1905 Prisoners revolted against
authorities
O The Philippine Commission Under the authority
of RA 1407- charged the policy to a colony for
well- behaved & declared tractable prisoners.

~Security system- no walls only mutual trust &

confidence between the wards & the prisoners
Correctional Institution
for Women
O located at Mandaluyong City. Philippine
Legislature passed Republic Act 3579 in
November 1929 which authorize the
transfer of all women inmates from Old
Bilibid Prison to CIW.
O On February 14, 1931, the women
prisoners were transferred from Old Bilibid
Prison to the building especially
constructed to them. Its old name
“Women’s Prison” was changed to
“Correctional Institution for Women
 Davao Penal Colony
O located in Davao Del Norte, the first
penal settlement founded and
organized under Filipino
administration.
O It was formally established on
January 21, 1932 by virtue of Act No.
3732. Two sub- colonies: Panabo
and Kapalong
 Bilibid Prisons
O The first Penal institution in the country,
designated as Insular Penitentiary through
Royal Decree of the Spanish crown(1847)
located at the Heart of Manila and was
transfer in Muntinlupa, now called:
New Bilibid Prison (1941) with 552
hectares. A Muntinlupa site was originally
intended for the boys Training School.

O It has 3 security compounds namely:

-Main Building
-Camp Sampaguita
-Camp Bukang Liwayway
 Sablayan Prison and
Penal Farm
O located in Occidental Mindoro.
Established on September 26, 1954
by virtue of Presidential
Proclamation No. 72.
O Sablayan prison is a facility where
prisoners from NBP are brought for
decongestion purposes. It follows
the same colony standards as other
penal farms.
 Leyte Regional
O
Prison
The Leyte Regional Prison, situated in Abuyog,
Southern Leyte, was established a year after the
declaration of martial law in 1972 by virtue of
Presidential Decree No. 28. While its plantilla and
institutional plan were almost ideal, lack of funds made
the prison unable to realize its full potential and its
facilities are often below par compared with those of
other established penal farms.

O The prison admits convicted offenders from Region VI

and from the national penitentiary in Muntinlupa.
The Philippine Jail
System

Types of JAIL
1. Lock-up- a security facility,
common in police stations or
precincts in urban areas (cities) for
temporarily detaining those persons
being held for investigation or
waiting hearing of their criminal
cases.
2. Ordinary Jail- the type of jail
commonly found in every
municipality or city; houses offenders
awaiting court trial and those
convicted offenders who are serving
their sentence of imprisonment that
does not exceed 3 years; place
where juvenile offenders and
mentally insane people are usually
detained while their transfer to other
institutions are pending.
3. Work Home, Jail Farm or Camp-
a facility that houses minimum
custody offenders who are serving
short sentences; inmates
undergoing constructive work
programs; provides full
employment of prisoners, remedial
services and constructive leisure
time activities.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
PRISONERS
1. Detention Prisoners
a.Persons held for security
reasons
b.Persons held for investigation
c.Persons waiting for final
judgment
d.Persons waiting for trial
2. Sentenced Prisoners
•Municipal Jail Prisoner – sentenced
to serve a prison term for 1 day to 6
months.
•City Jail Prisoner – sentenced to serve
imprisonment for 1 day to 3 years
•Provincial Jail Prisoner – sentenced
to 6 months one day to 3 years
•National or insular Prisoners –
Sentenced to 3 years 1 day to Reclusion
Perpetua or Life Imprisonment.
Classification of Prisoners
according to Degree of
Security:
1. Super-Maximum Security
Prisoners
-special group of prisoners composed
of incorrigible, intractable, and highly
dangerous persons who are the
source of constant disturbance even
in maximum security institutions;
wear orange uniforms and composed
the 2% of NBP Population
Classification of Prisoners
according to Degree of
Security:
2. Maximum Security Prisoners
-the group composed of chronic
trouble-makers but not as dangerous
as the super-maximum security
prisoners; their movements are
restricted and they are not allowed to
work outside the institution but rather
assigned to industrial shops within the
prison compound; they occupy the NBP
main building.
Classification of Prisoners
according to Degree of
Security:
3. Medium Security Prisoners
-prisoners who cannot be in open
conditions and pose a lesser danger than
the maximum security prisoners in case
they escape; a group of prisoners who
maybe allowed to work outside the
fence/walls of the penal institution under
guard or with escorts; occupy Camp
Sampaguita (Medium Security
Institution); they are employed as
agricultural workers.
Classification of Prisoners
according to Degree of
Security:
4. Minimum Security Prisoners
-group of prisoners who can be
reasonably trusted to serve their
sentence under “open conditions”;
they can be trusted to report to their
work assignments without the
presence of guards; they occupy
Camp Bukang Liwayway.
Color of the Uniform of
Prisoners
O Super-Maximum and Maximum
Security Prisoners- Tangerine

O Medium Security Prisoners- Blue

O Minimum Security Prisoners-

Brown
 Prison Education
O Prison education is the cornerstone
of rehabilitation. It is the process or
result of formal training in school or
classrooms intended to shape the
mind and attitude of prisoners
towards good living upon their
release.
 Objective of Prison
Education:
O To return the prisoner to society
with a more wholesome attitude
towards living.

O To conduct themselves as good

citizens,

O To give them knowledge and

develop their skills to maintain
themselves and their dependents
through honest labor.
 Classes of Prison
Education
O General and Academic Education –
the objective of which is to eradicate
illiteracy among prisoners. This could be
the best contribution to correctional
system can offer to society.
O Vocational Education – Institutional
maintenance works and industrial
projects, the purpose of which is to
provide prisoners necessary skills for
successful works in a socially acceptable
occupation after their release.
O Physical Education – designed for
those who have physical disabilities.
 Work Programs

O These are programs conducive to

change behavior in morale by
training prisoners for a useful
occupation. It is purposely to
eliminate idleness on the part of
prisoners, which may contribute to
“Prison stupor”, and it affects the
incidence for Prison riot:
 Classification of Prison Work
Programs:
O Educational Assignments – prisoners
maybe assigned to either general
education, vocational or physical education.
O Maintenance Assignment – this
assignment involves labor related to care
and up keeping of the institution properties.
O Agricultural and Industrial
Assignments
O Unassignable – Prisoners who are nearly
to leave the institution, awaiting transfer,
those in disciplinary status, and those who
are chronically ill with mental disabilities
are considered unassignable prisoners.
Female prisoners shall be assigned to work
on jobs suitable to the age, sex and
physical conditions. Prisoners over 60 years
of age may be excused from the work.
 Religious Services in
Prison
O The purpose of this Program is to change
the attitudes of inmates by inculcating
religious values or belief.
Function of Chaplain:
O Conduct communion and confession to
inmates
O Conduct religious ministry such as
preaching the bible
O Conduct private and personal counseling
O Other chaplaincy services
 Recreational
Programs
The only program that is conducted during
free time schedule within the following
objectives;

O Mental and physical Development

O Help prisoner to become aware of their
individual conditions to provide them a
method of improvement.
O Development of cooperative competitions,
O Arouse the interest of the prisoners in
recreational programs.
O Activities of recreation may include athletics /
sports, music and arts, social games, special
activities on special events, act.
Non-Institutional
Correction
 Kinds of Executive Clemency

1. Probation
OIt is a disposition under which a defendant,
after conviction and sentence, is released
subject to conditions imposed by the court and
to the supervision of a probation officer.
OA term coined by John Augustus, From the
Latin verb "probare" - to prove, to test.
2. Parole
Oa procedure by which prisoners are selected
for release on the basis of individual
response and progress within the correctional
institution and a service by which they are
provided with necessary control and guidance
as they serve the remainder of their sentence
within the community.
3. Commutation of sentence
OIt refers to the reduction of the duration of
a prison sentence of a prisoner
4. Amnesty
OIs a general pardon extended to a group of
persons generally exercised by the Chief
executive with the concurrence of the
Congress.
OAn act of Forgetfulness.
5. Pardon
OA form of executive clemency granted by the
President of the Philippines as a privilege
extended to a convict as a discretionary of act
of grace. There are two types of Pardon:
OABSOLUTE PARDON
total extinction of criminal liability, bring back
all civil and political rights.
OCONDITIONAL PARDON
partial extinction of criminal liability
NOTE: NOT EXEMPTED FROM CIVIL
LIABILITY
O 6. Reprieve- temporary suspension
of sentence
Extinction of Criminal
Liability
Conditions for the total extinction
of criminal liability are:
Death of the convict,
Service of Sentence
Absolute Pardon
Amnesty
Prescription of Crime
Prescription of penalty
Marriage of the offended party to
the offender (in good faith)
Extinction of Criminal
Liability
Conditions for the partial
extinction of criminal liability are:
Conditional Pardon
Commutation of Sentence
Probation
Parole
Good Conduct Time Allowance
 END
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