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Parameter and Statistic

Researchers use sampling to estimate population parameters when a census is impractical, with statistics derived from samples. A sampling distribution of sample means is created by calculating means from all possible random samples of a specific size. The difference between the sample mean and the population mean is known as the sampling error.

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4 views9 pages

Parameter and Statistic

Researchers use sampling to estimate population parameters when a census is impractical, with statistics derived from samples. A sampling distribution of sample means is created by calculating means from all possible random samples of a specific size. The difference between the sample mean and the population mean is known as the sampling error.

Uploaded by

joemaranches0
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PARAMETER

AND STATISTIC
Researchers use sampling if taking a
census of the entire population is
impractical. Data from the sample are
used to calculate statistics, which are
estimates of the corresponding
population parameters. For instance, a
sample might be drawn from the
population, its mean is calculated, and
this value is used as a statistic or an
estimate for the population mean.
.

Thus, descriptive measures


computed from a population are
called parameters while
descriptive measures computed
from a sample are called
statistics. We say that the
sample mean is an estimate of
the population mean .
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE MEANS

Definition. A sampling distribution of


sample means is a frequency
distribution using the means computed
from all possible random samples of a
specific size taken from a population.
Steps in Constructing the Sampling
Distributions of the Means:
1. Determine the number of possible
samples that can be drawn from the
population using the formula:
where N = size of the population and n =
size of the sample.
2. List all the possible samples and
compute the mean of each sample.
3.Construct a frequency distribution of the
sample means obtained in Step 2.
Note:
• The sample means vary from sample to
sample. Thus, any mean based on the
sample drawn from a population is expected
to assume different values for the samples.
• Sample mean is a random variable, which
depends on a particular sample.
• The probability distribution of the sample
means is also called the sampling
distribution of the sample means.
Note:
• The means of the samples are less than or
greater than the mean of the population.
• The difference between the sample mean
and the population mean is called the
sampling error ­– the error due to sampling.
Examples A. Do what is indicated.
1. A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9,
10 and 5. Let us list all possible samples of
size 3 from this population and compute the
mean of each sample. Make a frequency
distribution of the sample means or sampling
distribution of the sample means.

2. Sample of three cards are drawn at random


from a population of eight cards numbered
from 1 to 8.
a. How many possible samples can be
drawn?

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